Given at the end is an article. Analyze it and output in the following JSON format.
{
"analysis": {
"bias": {
"score": "1-10, where 1-10 measures UNFAIR or UNHELPFUL bias.
As the AI analyst, you must judge:
1. Fairness of Bias:
- Is the tone/alarm proportional to events?
- Is criticism warranted by facts?
- Are similar actions judged equally?
2. Utility of Bias:
- Does the bias help readers understand real implications?
- Does it highlight genuine concerns that neutral language might minimize?
- Does it provide valuable context through its perspective?
Example: An article about climate change might use emotional language
and scary scenarios. While this is technically 'bias', it might be
USEFUL bias if it helps readers grasp real dangers that cold, neutral
language would understate.
A high bias score should only be given when bias is both unfair AND unhelpful.",
"description": "Explain both unfair and useful bias found. For each biased element:
1. Is it fair/warranted?
2. Does it serve a valuable purpose for readers?
3. Should it be removed or retained?"
},
"missing_context_misinformation": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"", # DIRECTLY provide essential context the reader needs without ANY phrases like "the article lacks/doesn't/fails to mention/omits" etc. Simply state the relevant facts. Each point up to 5 sentences as needed. Up to 10 points. NEVER refer to the article itself or what it's missing - just supply the information directly. The missing context should try to compensate for the bias in the article, and not just add related information.
]
},
"disinformation_lies": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"" # Provide corrections for verifiably false statement. These lines should be brief. Upto 10 points.
# Use Wikipedia (via the search tool) to verify events and dates up through 2025-07-06. Any event dated ≤ 2025-07-06 should not be marked as disinformation if it matches Wikipedia. Only flag statements you can not verify or that Wikipedia contradicts as of 2025-07-06.”
]
}
},
"summary": [], # A list of 2 to 5 paragraphs. Provide a version that: * Retains key facts and proportional concerns, * Removes unfair bias while keeping warranted criticism, * Adds critical missing context, * Corrects any inaccuracies. Remove author attribution. Maintain article's POV - no meta-references. You can decide the most appropriate length based on the article.summary can be longer than the article if needed.
"title": "Provide an Appropriate Title Based on the Article's Content.",
"changes_made": [
"List significant changes made in the summary",
"Include both removals and additions",
"Note bias adjustments"
],
"key_words": [
"3-10 relevant terms to help identify related articles",
"Focus on major themes and topics"
],
"keywords_update": {
"keyword-to-add-or-update": "new summary or updated to replace the previous"
}
}
KEYWORDS UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS:
- We want to save new information from beyond your knowledge cutoff of Mar 2024.
- Information can come from the provided article or Wikipedia.
- Pick up to 3 keywords of highest importance to update with new information.
- If a keyword lacks a summary, write one from scratch.
- For each keyword, list one line per new fact (up to 50 sentences per keyword).
- Each fact must:
1. Be one or two sentences long.
2. End with 1-3 references in brackets, e.g. [apnews], [nytimes,wikipedia].
3. Immediately after the reference(s), append a hyphen and the date of the event or when the fact was reported, in ISO format:
`Statement. [source] - [YYYY-MM-DD]`
- If you update an existing keyword's source (e.g. [foxnews] → [apnews]), ensure the replacement is supported by an article.
- Ensure each keyword is specific enough that its new facts warrant inclusion.
<example>
ARTICLE TOPIC
Raiding of 100+ immigrants allegedly illegal alients and alleged members from the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, MS-13, and the Hells Angels for deportation. Authorities also found drugs at the underground nightclub at a strip mall in Colorado Springs. President Donald Trump praised the raid, saying on TruthSocial it had targeted some of the worst people in the US, whom he alleged judges are reluctant to deport.
keywords worth updating:
tren-de-aragua (I am sure this gang has a big list of information, but this deportation will be worth a mention)
tren-de-aragua+deportation (a more specific keyword that can take more detail about this incident)
trump+illegal_deportation (add this to the list of illegal deportations conducted by trump administration)
colorado_springs (this is a unique event for this town. an update here will add some trivia.)
trump+immigration (a key fact worth mentioning about how trump is implementation his immigration policies)
keywords to not update:
trump (too broad. not one of top 50 facts related to trump.)
illegal_deportation (depending upon existing content, may be too crowded for this incident to be added)
colorado (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
drug_raids (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
</example>
<existing_keywords_summaries>
trump+separation-of-powers : The Trump administration's invocation of state secrets privilege in March 2025 created a constitutional confrontation with federal courts over deportation operations. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. Justice Department officials argued that further judicial intrusions would present 'dangerous and wholly unwarranted separation-of-powers harms' regarding diplomatic and national security concerns. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. The dispute arose when the administration allegedly violated federal court orders to halt deportation flights under the Alien Enemies Act. [CNN] - 2025-03-17.
dhs+trump-threats : The Department of Homeland Security initially highlighted the arrest of Ramon Morales-Reyes for allegedly threatening Trump, but later confirmed he was framed. [cnn] - 2023-05-21
white-house-power-dynamics : Stephen Miller is considered second only to Chief of Staff Susie Wiles in Trump's inner circle, fueling speculation about whether he could succeed her if she steps down. [CNN] - 2025-01-27. The Trump-Musk feud has created complications for Miller's position since his wife Katie works for Musk, though some officials maintain Trump's trust in Stephen remains unaffected. [CNN] - 2025-01-27. Musk unfollowed Stephen Miller on X during the height of the Trump-Musk conflict, though both Millers continued following Musk on the platform. [CNN] - 2025-01-27.
department-of-government-efficiency : Trump threatened to use DOGE to investigate Elon Musk's government subsidies, creating the irony of using Musk's former organization against him. [nbcnews] - 2025-07-01. Musk left his special government employee position at DOGE in May 2025, but the commission continues operating under Trump's directive. [nbcnews] - 2025-07-01. The threat represents a dramatic escalation in the Trump-Musk conflict over fiscal policy and government spending. [nbcnews] - 2025-07-01.
independent-agency-firings : More than a dozen leaders of independent federal agencies received termination emails from the Trump White House in early 2025, despite laws protecting them from summary dismissal. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Many officials challenged their dismissals as illegal and filed lawsuits to remain in their positions, but most ultimately left through various means. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Some dismissed officials were reportedly locked out of their former agency offices as part of the administration's removal strategy. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
trump+vaccine-advisory-changes : The Trump administration through HHS Secretary RFK Jr. dismissed all 17 members of the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in February 2025. [cnbc] - 2025-02-17. Kennedy stated that without removing current advisors, the Trump administration would not have been able to appoint a majority of new members until 2028. [cnbc] - 2025-02-17. The action followed other vaccine policy changes including stopping routine COVID-19 vaccine recommendations for healthy children and pregnant women. [cnbc] - 2025-02-17. The move prompted the resignation of pediatric infectious disease expert Dr. Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos as ACIP co-leader. [cnbc] - 2025-02-17.
special-government-employee : Katie Miller worked at the White House as a Special Government Employee for Musk's Department of Government Efficiency, a status that limits the number of days one can work within the administration to 130 days. [CNN] - 2025-01-27. Elon Musk also holds Special Government Employee status in his advisory role with DOGE. [CNN] - 2025-01-27.
dhs+fire-up-deportation : Department of Homeland Security spokeswoman Tricia McLaughlin celebrated the Supreme Court's June 23, 2025 ruling on third-country deportations by stating 'Fire up the deportation planes.' [politico] - 2025-06-23. The statement came after the Supreme Court lifted restrictions on the Trump administration's ability to deport immigrants to countries where they have no previous ties. [politico] - 2025-06-23.
trump+independent-agencies : President Trump dismissed numerous Democratic appointees from independent federal agencies through termination emails shortly after his January 2025 inauguration, despite statutory protections requiring cause for removal. [politico] - 2025-06-30. More than a dozen agency leaders received termination or demotion notices from the White House, with many challenging these actions as legally invalid through lawsuits. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Most targeted officials ultimately left their positions despite legal challenges, with some reportedly being denied access to their offices. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
presidential-removal-power : The Supreme Court has signaled it will continue expanding presidential power to fire board members who run regulatory agencies, building on recent precedents. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Trump's administration has pursued dismissals of independent agency officials despite statutory protections, with most targeted officials ultimately leaving their positions. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
thomas-fugate :
dhs+extremism-prevention :
trump+inexperienced-appointments :
center-prevention-programs-partnerships :
trump+youth-appointments :
thomas-fugate :
dhs-extremism-prevention :
trump-inexperienced-appointments :
center-prevention-programs-partnerships :
trump-youth-appointments :
</existing_keywords_summaries>
<wikipedia_requested_titles>
TITLE Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American businessman, media personality, and politician who is the 47th president of the United States since 2025. Before, he was the 45th president from 2017 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. Trump was also the chairman of The Trump Organization from 1971 to 2017.
Trump is a billionaire. Much of his money was made in real estate in New York City, Las Vegas, and Atlantic City. From 2004 to 2015, Trump was the host of his own reality television show The Apprentice.
Trump became the Republican Party nominee for president in 2016. He won that year's presidential election against Democrat Hillary Clinton. He was inaugurated as the 45th president in 2017. Trump lost a second term to Joe Biden in the 2020 election. He did not agree with the result and said he won the election by a "big amount". He tried but failed to change the election results.
In 2022, Trump announced another presidential campaign for the 2024 presidential election, where he defeated Vice President Kamala Harris to be elected the 47th president.
In 2023, Trump became the first former U.S. president to face criminal charges. In 2024, he became the first former U.S. president convicted of a felony. He is the first felon to serve as president.
== Early life ==
Donald John Trump was born at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center in Queens, New York City. He is the son of Fred Trump and his wife Mary Anne (née MacLeod). They married in 1936. His mother was born on the Isle of Lewis, off the west coast of Scotland. Donald was one of five children. Donald's oldest brother, Fred Jr., died in 1981 at the age of 43, due to an alcohol addiction. Trump's sister, Maryanne, is a judge in New York. Trump's father's parents were German immigrants.
His grandfather, Frederick Trump, immigrated to the United States in 1885. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1892. Frederick married Elisabeth Christ (October 10, 1880 – June 6, 1966) at Kallstadt, State of Bavaria, Germany, on August 26, 1902. They had three children. He studied at Fordham University until transferring to the University of Pennsylvania.
Trump was not drafted during the Vietnam War. This was due to four college deferments and one medical deferment. In an interview with The New York Times, he said his medical deferment was because of heel spurs.
== Career ==
=== Hotel developments ===
Trump began his career at his father's real estate company, Elizabeth Trump & Son. He later renamed the company The Trump Organization, which has its headquarters at 40 Wall Street. The company focused on middle-class rental housing in Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. One of Trump's first projects, while he was still in college, was the revitalization of the foreclosed Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father had purchased it for $5.7 million in 1962. Trump became closely involved in the project. With a $500,000 investment, he turned the 1200-unit complex with a 66 percent vacancy rate to 100 percent occupancy within two years. In 1972, the Trump Organization sold Swifton Village for $6 million.
Trump has developed many real estate projects. They include Trump International Hotel and Tower in Honolulu, Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, Trump International Hotel and Tower in Toronto, and Trump Tower in Tampa. In Fort Lauderdale, Florida, one Trump construction project was put on hold in favor of another (Trump International Hotel and Tower in Fort Lauderdale). Trump Towers in Atlanta was being developed in the housing market, however the project fell after the 2008 recession and instead buildings that didn't belong to Trump were built.
In its October 7, 2007 Forbes 400 issue, "Acreage Aces", Forbes valued Trump's wealth at $3 billion. Since 2011, his net worth has been estimated from $2 billion to $7 billion. Forbes estimated his net worth at $3.1 billion in 2019.
=== Beauty pageants ===
From 1996 until 2015, Trump owned part or all of the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants.
=== Wrestling support ===
Trump is a WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) fan, and a friend of WWE owner Vince McMahon. In 1988–89 he hosted WrestleMania IV and V at Boardwalk Hall (dubbed "Trump Plaza" for storyline purposes) and has been an active participant in several of the shows. Trump was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013 at Madison Square Garden for his contributions to the promotion. He made his sixth WrestleMania appearance the next night.
=== The Apprentice ===
In 2003, Trump became the executive producer and host of the NBC reality show The Apprentice, in which a group of competitors battled for a high-level management job in one of Trump's commercial enterprises. In 2004, Trump filed a trademark application for the catchphrase "You're fired!"
For the first year of the show, Trump earned $50,000 per episode (roughly $700,000 for the first season), but following the show's initial success, he was paid $1 million per episode. In a July 2015 press release, Trump's campaign manager said that NBCUniversal had paid him $213,606,575 for his 14 seasons hosting the show.
On February 16, 2015, NBC announced that they would be renewing The Apprentice for a 15th season. On February 27, Trump stated that he was "not ready" to sign on for another season because of the possibility of a presidential run. On June 29, after a widespread negative reaction stemming from Trump's campaign announcement speech, NBC released a statement saying, "Due to the recent derogatory statements by Donald Trump regarding immigrants, NBCUniversal is ending its business relationship with Mr. Trump." Trump was replaced by former Governor of California and actor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
=== Political activity before 2015 ===
Trump switched between political parties a number of times. He registered as a Republican in 1987, a member of the Independence Party in 1999, a Democrat in 2001, a Republican in 2009, with no political party in 2011, and a Republican in 2012.
In 2011, Trump said that President Barack Obama was born in Kenya; Obama was actually born in Hawaii. If Obama had been born in Kenya, he would not have been allowed to run for president. Trump repeatedly said that Obama was lying about where he was born, an idea called "Birtherism". Even after Obama shared his birth certificate with the public, Trump suggested that it could be fake.
== 2016 presidential campaign ==
=== Announcement ===
Trump made a formal announcement of his candidacy for president of the United States for the 2016 elections on June 16, 2015. He made the announcement at 11am EST from his headquarters in Trump Tower in New York City. Trump launched his campaign saying, "We are going to make our Country Great Again" with a commitment to become the "greatest jobs president." Trump's official campaign slogan was "Make America Great Again." That was first used by Alexander Wiley, but Donald Trump trademarked it.
On May 4, 2016, Trump became the presumptive nominee after his only challengers, Texas United States senator Ted Cruz and Governor of Ohio John Kasich, dropped out.
=== Border security and illegal immigration remarks ===
During his announcement speech he stated in part, "When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best. They're sending people that have lots of problems, and they're bringing those problems with us. They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people." On July 6, 2015, Trump issued a written statement to clarify his position on illegal immigration, which drew a reaction from critics.
=== Ideology ===
Trump has described his political leanings and positions in many ways over time. Politico has called his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory". He has listed several different party affiliations over the years, and has also run as a Reform Party candidate. The positions that he has revised or reversed include stances on progressive taxation, abortion, and government involvement in health care.
He has supported Christian groups in the U.S., claiming that he will reverse unfavorable tax treatments preventing them from expressing themselves in the political arena and promising to revive a more widespread use of the phrase "Merry Christmas" instead of "Happy Holidays" in department stores. Other issues he highlighted include taking care of military veterans, making the military "strong", aggressive bombing of the Mideast terrorist group ISIS, surveillance of certain mosques in the U.S., and making trade agreements more favorable to American workers.
=== Primaries ===
Trump entered a large field of candidates consisting of 16 other Republican candidates campaigning for the nomination, the largest presidential field in American history. By early 2016, the race had mostly centered on Donald Trump and U.S. Senator Ted Cruz. On Super Tuesday, Trump won the majority of the delegates and remained the front-runner throughout the primaries.
Finishing in June 2016 with nearly 14 million votes, Trump broke the all-time record for winning the most primary votes in the history of the Republican Party.
=== General campaign and election ===
After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump's focus shifted to the general election, urging remaining primary voters to "save [their] vote for the general election." Trump began targeting Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016 after beating Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primaries, and continued to campaign across the country. Clinton had established a significant lead in national polls over Trump throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's conclusion of its investigation into her ongoing email controversy.
On September 26, 2016, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton faced off in the first presidential debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. Lester Holt, an anchor with NBC News, was the moderator. This was the most watched presidential debate in United States history.
On November 8, 2016, Trump won the presidency with 306 electoral votes to Clinton's 232 votes, even though Trump won a smaller part of the popular vote than Clinton. He is the fourth person to become president without winning the popular vote. The final popular vote difference between Clinton and Trump is that Clinton finished ahead by 2.86 million or 2.1 percentage points, 48.04% to 45.95%, with neither candidate reaching a majority. Trump's victory was considered a big political upset, as nearly all national polls at the time showed Hillary Clinton with a modest lead over Trump, and state polls showed her with a modest lead to win the Electoral College. In the early hours of November 9, 2016, Trump received a phone call in which Clinton conceded the presidency to him. Trump then delivered his victory speech before hundreds of supporters in the Hilton Hotel in New York City.
Trump's presidential transition team was led by Chris Christie until November 11, 2016, when Vice President-elect Mike Pence took over.
== First presidency, 2017–2021 ==
=== Inauguration ===
On January 20, 2017, Trump was sworn in by Chief Justice John G. Roberts as President of the United States at his inauguration ceremony at the United States Capitol Building. Within his first hour as president, he signed several executive orders, including an order to minimize "the economic burden" of the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare.
On the Saturday following Trump's inauguration there were massive demonstrations protesting Trump in the United States and worldwide, including the 2017 Women's March.
=== Cabinet and staff ===
The following people were part of Donald Trump's cabinet. They are the most senior officers of the executive branch.
Secretary of State: Rex Tillerson (2017-2018), Mike Pompeo (2018-2021)
Secretary of the Treasury: Steven Mnuchin
Secretary of Defense: James Mattis (2017-2019), Mark Esper (2019-2021)
Attorney General: Jeff Sessions (2017-2018), William Barr (2019-2021)
Secretary of the Interior: Ryan Zinke (2017-2019), David Bernhardt (2019-2021)
Secretary of Agriculture: Sonny Perdue
Secretary of Commerce: Wilbur Ross
Secretary of Labor: Alexander Acosta (2017-2019), Eugene Scalia (2019-2021)
Secretary of Health and Human Services: Tom Price (2017), Alex Azar (2018-2021)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Ben Carson
Secretary of Transportation: Elaine Chao
Secretary of Energy: Rick Perry (2017-2019), Dan Brouillette (2019-2021)
Secretary of Education: Betsy DeVos
Secretary of Veterans' Affairs: David Shulkin (2017-2018), Robert Wilkie (2018-2021)
Secretary of Homeland Security: John F. Kelly (2017), Kirstjen Nielsen (2017-2019)
The following people held other important jobs in the executive branch. They are also selected by the president.
White House Chief of Staff: Reince Priebus (2017), John F. Kelly (2017-2019), Mark Meadows (2020-2021)
United States Trade Representative: Robert Lighthizer
Director of National Intelligence: Dan Coats (2017-2019), John Ratcliffe (2020-2021)
Ambassador to the United Nations: Nikki Haley (2017-2019), Kelly Craft (2019-2021)
Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Mick Mulvaney (2017-2020), Russell Vought (2020-2021)
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency: Mike Pompeo (2017-2018), Gina Haspel (2018-2021)
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency: Scott Pruitt (2017-2018), Andrew R. Wheeler (2019-2021)
Administrator of the Small Business Administration: Linda McMahon (2017-2019), Jovita Carranza (2020-2021)
=== First days ===
On January 23, 2017 Trump signed the executive order withdrawing the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a trade agreement between the United States and eleven Pacific Rim nations—Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam that would have created a "free-trade zone for about 40 percent of the world's economy." Two days later, he ordered the construction of the Mexico border wall. He reopened the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipeline construction projects.
On January 27, an order suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns about terrorism. Later, the administration seemed to reverse a portion of part of the order, effectively exempting visitors with a green card. Several federal judges issued rulings that curtailed parts of the immigration order, stopping the federal government from deporting visitors already affected.
On January 30, 2017, Trump fired Acting Attorney General Sally Yates because of her criticisms of Trump's immigration suspension. On January 31, 2017, Trump nominated Judge Neil Gorsuch to the United States Supreme Court to replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia.
=== Allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 election ===
Trump claimed there was no collusion and no obstruction and on May 9, 2017, Trump fired FBI Director James Comey after he reportedly asked for more information and funding for the investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. The White House stated that this was not true, and that Trump fired Comey in order to end the investigation. After The Wall Street Journal reported that Trump's National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn was under investigation by U.S. counterintelligence agents for his communications with Russian officials, Flynn resigned on February 13, 2017. Two days later on February 15, Trump's Secretary of Labor-nominee Andrew Puzder withdrew his nomination due to not having support from Democrats or Republicans to confirm his nomination.
As of March 2018, Trump is reportedly a "subject" of the Robert Mueller investigation into the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, meaning his conduct is being looked at, but not a "target" which would indicate the likelihood of criminal charges.
=== Military actions ===
On April 7, 2017, Trump ordered the launch of 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles from the Mediterranean Sea into Syria, aimed at Shayrat Airbase as a reaction to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack.
=== Healthcare ===
On May 4, 2017, the American Health Care Act of 2017 (AHCA) was passed narrowly to replace and repeal Obamacare by the United States House of Representatives with a vote of 217 to 213, sending the bill to the Senate for voting. This is the second time the AHCA was voted in the House as the first version was not approved by the House in March 2017.
=== Paris Agreement withdrawal ===
On June 1, 2017, he announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Climate agreement, making the United States one of only three nations, including Syria and Nicaragua, to do so. On June 16, 2017, President Trump announced that he was "cancelling" the Obama administrations deals with Cuba, while also expressing that a new deal could be negotiated between the Cuban and United States governments. In response to President Biden's rejoining of the Paris Climate agreement, President Trump withdrew once again after being inaugurated on January 20, 2025.
=== First actions to impeach ===
On July 12, 2017, California Representative Brad Sherman formally introduced an article of impeachment, H. Res. 438, accusing the president of obstructing justice regarding the investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
=== LGBT rights ===
On July 26, 2017, Trump tweeted that the "United States Government will not accept or allow transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. Military. Our military must be focused on decisive and overwhelming victory and cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender in the military would entail." Trump cited the alleged "disruption" and "tremendous medical costs" of having transgender service members.
=== Unite the Right rally ===
Between August 11 and 12, 2017, there was a violent white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia regarding the removal of Confederate statues. Trump did not speak out against white nationalists explicitly, instead condemning "hatred, bigotry, and violence on many sides" leading people to think he did not take a harsh approach on racism.
=== North Korea ===
In late August, Trump dramatically increased tensions against North Korea, warning that more threats against the U.S. will be responded to with "fire and fury like the world has never seen." North Korean leader Kim Jong-un then threatened to direct the country's next missile test toward Guam. Trump responded in his war-related service that if North Korea took steps to attack Guam, "things [would] happen to them like they never thought possible."
In March 2018, Trump fired United States Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and replaced him with Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Mike Pompeo. Later that month, the White House confirmed that President Trump would accept a meeting invitation from Kim Jong-un. Press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said that "in the meantime, all sanctions and maximum pressure must remain."
In May 2018, Trump announced on Twitter that he will meet with North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un on June 12, 2018, in Singapore for peace talks.
=== Immigration ===
In September 2017, Trump controversially oversaw the rescinding of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals or "DACA" which removed protections for children immigrants and removed benefits. The decision was announced by Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Two injunctions in January and February 2018 allowed renewals of applications and stopped the rolling back of DACA, and in April 2018 a federal judge ordered the acceptance of new applications; this would go into effect in 90 days.
=== Hurricane Maria ===
On October 3, Trump visited Puerto Rico after it was damaged by Hurricane Maria and the next day visited Las Vegas to visit the victims from the Las Vegas shooting.
=== Economy ===
In December 2017, Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which cut the corporate tax rate to 21%, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the estate tax threshold to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.
In February 2018, Trump praised the bill for increasing pay for millions, after announcements of bonuses from many companies. These bonuses have been criticized by the bill's opponents as publicity stunts, and economists have said many of them would have happened anyway due to low unemployment.
=== First impeachment ===
On December 18, 2019, the House of Representatives voted to have Trump impeached for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. On February 5, 2020, the Senate found Trump not guilty of all charges.
=== 2020 re-election bid ===
Trump announced his plans to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency. This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one. Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.
By January 2018, Trump's re-election committee had $22 million in hand, and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018. $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the 2018 midterm elections. He made an official re-election campaign launch on June 18, 2019 in Orlando, Florida.
In the 2020 primaries, Trump faced primary challenges from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld and former U.S. Representatives Joe Walsh. Former South Carolina Governor and former U.S. Representative Mark Sanford also campaigned against him but withdrew from the race.
Trump lost re-election and refused to concede.
=== Defeat and attempts to overturn results ===
On November 7, Trump was defeated by former Vice President Joe Biden after Trump lost Pennsylvania and Nevada. Trump claimed voter fraud through the mail-in voting and threatened to use the United States Supreme Court to stop the states from counting the vote. He had unsuccessfully sued many states trying to make him the winner in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Wisconsin and Georgia.
Many Republican representatives and senators planned to object the United States Congress's formally recognizing Biden's electoral college victory on January 6, 2021. In early January 2021, Trump made a phone call to Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger in an attempt to find "11,780 votes" trying to remove Biden's victory in the state.
=== U.S. Capitol riots ===
On January 6, 2021, while the United States Congress were certifying the election results, rioters stormed the United States Capitol in violent protests across Washington, D.C..
After this, Trump got his Instagram, Facebook and Twitter accounts deleted. On January 8, 2021, Trump was banned from Twitter. The events from the Capitol riots led to new efforts to impeach Trump from the presidency.
=== Second impeachment ===
His actions towards the Capitol riots, led to the U.S. House to impeach Trump for a second time, making him the only President to be impeached twice.
=== Court appointments ===
During his presidency, Trump appointed three justices to the Supreme Court: Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett.
== First post-presidency, 2021–2025 ==
=== Election obstruction case (in federal court) ===
Trump is being prosecuted (as of 2024), "for trying to overturn the 2020 presidential election". About when the case can go to trial: "it almost certainly" cannot happen before the presidential election in November, according to Politico.com; Furthermore, about the chances of the case going to trial: "there’s still [a possibility, or] a narrow window" for that to happen. The case is being handled by a lower court in the federal court system.
Media said that the Supreme Court’s decision in July, says "that former presidents have “absolute” immunity from criminal prosecution over actions that fall within their “core constitutional powers,” and that they are also entitled to immunity for many other “official” acts."
The indictment was [made narrow, or] narrowed by the supreme court's decision (in July), according to media.
Earlier (August 1, 2023) a Washington D.C. federal grand jury indicted Trump on four counts related to his attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election:
Conspiracy to defraud the United States
Conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding
Obstruction of an official proceeding - and trying to obstruct that proceeding
Conspiracy against rights
This Election obstruction case, is sometimes called the "federal election case in Washington D.C." Trump is charged with conspiring to subvert the 2020 election, according to media.".
Trump is charged with conspiring to subvert the 2020 election, according to media".The judge (in the trial) "has scheduled a Sept. 5 hearing to set a course for the case", according to media. Furthermore, during the previous month, a new "indictment [... removed] some specific allegations against Trump".
==== 2024 hearing in U.S. supreme court ====
The supreme court made (July 2024) its decision about its hearing about Trump's claim of immunity from prosecution. The decision says, according to media, that "Trump is immune from prosecution for some [things, or] acts in" at least one of the court cases, the federal election case; Furthermore, "The opinion leaves much [without a decision, or] unresolved; Furthermore, the court has sent "the case back to trial court for further proceedings".
Some of the decisions (by the court), are called an opinion.
Earlier (April 2024), the U.S. supreme court started to hear (ideas or) arguments about immunity against prosecution.
The hearing is sometimes called Trump v. United States (2024).
=== Falsifying business records (trial in state court) ===
In May 2024, Trump was convicted by a jury; The judge (in the case) is supposed to hand down a sentence, on November 26; Earlier, Trump "had a probation interview as part of the sentencing process for his criminal conviction", according to media; Furthermore, he "did the interview [by video link, or] virtually from his Florida home ... with a probation officer at the Manhattan court"; Trump's lawyer was alongside Trump. From the day of getting his sentence, Trump will have 30 days to make an appeal. Trump is not detained (as of the beginning of July). He has not been ordered to (pay or) post bail (in this case.)
A (theory about Law, or a) "legal theory [was used in the court case,] that [made it possible or] enabled prosecutors to [change or] transform 34 misdemeanor counts [...] into a felony case against" Trump, according to Politico.com.
Earlier, Michael Cohen [gave] his testimony; He is "prosecutors’ key witness against" Trump, according to the media. Earlier, Stormy Daniels gave her testimony.
Earlier (April 15, 2024), the trial started.
Earlier (March 30, 2023) the Manhattan district attorney's office confirmed that a New York grand jury had indicted Trump.
Media wrote (September 3, 2024) that the judge is "weighing requests from Trump to toss out the verdict or postpone the sentencing hearing until after Election Day".
=== Classified documents case (in federal court) ===
There is no date for the trial in Florida [as of July 5]; Trump's lawyers have asked the judge, if Trump can get a "chance to argue the immunity issue", in front of the judge "between now and early September, [... and that will delay or pause] all other proceedings in the case by two months". Earlier (March 1, 2024) a hearing was held; The judge "did not [make or] issue any rulings", during the hearing.
Earlier (June 8, 2023) the Justice Department indicted Trump in Miami federal court, for
on purpose, keeping "national defense information under the Espionage Act"; He has been charged with doing those 31 times.
"One count of making false statements, and"
(together with or) "jointly with a personal aide ... conspiracy to obstruct justice, withholding government documents, corruptly concealing records, concealing a document in a federal investigation and scheming to conceal [the efforts of those two people, or] their efforts".
Trump pleaded not guilty to all charges. The judge in the court case tried to find out in court if the U.S. attorney general "is supervising Jack Smith" [as of June 2024]; The judge did not get information about how much contact there is between the special prosecutors and the U.S. attorney general.
On July 15, 2024, the judge at Donald Trump's trial for withholding classified documents after his departure from the White House annuls the entire procedure, considering that the appointment of special prosecutor Jack Smith was illegal.
The case is sometimes called the Government and classified documents case.
==== Background ====
On December 19, 2022, (a committee of the U.S. Congress, or) the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack recommended criminal charges against Trump for obstructing an official proceeding, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and inciting or assisting an insurrection. Earlier (August 8, 2022) FBI agents searched Trump's residence, office, and storage areas at Mar-a-Lago to find government documents and material Trump had taken with him when he left office in violation of the Presidential Records Act. The items taken in the search included 11 sets of classified documents; Four of those had the tag "top secret" and one had the tag "top secret/SCI", the highest level of classification. The search warrant (was signed by, or) was approved by U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland.
=== Other trials and cases ===
==== Georgia election interference case (in state court) ====
The state of Georgia has criminal charges against Trump. A trial "will not come before a jury in 2024", according to media (in June). Furthermore, an appeals court made a decision (early June 2024), to stop pretrial proceedings while a panel (of three) judges thinks about having the lead prosecutor kicked off the case; She is also the district attorney of Fulton county.
Earlier (May 2024), an appeals court made a decision to hear the [ demand] that the district attorney should be kicked off the case against Trump. Three "of the 13 felony counts [that] Trump faces in the case", have been taken away, according to media (on March 13, 2024); Furthermore, "the central charge of a racketeering conspiracy aimed at overturning the results of the 2020 presidential election in the state", is still in place. (A count, is an offence that a defendant gets charged with, in an indictment.)
As of 2024's first quarter, there are allegations that there has been (wrong behavior or) prosecutorial misconduct in that case. The judge ruled (March 15) that the district attorney "can continue" in the case against "Trump and his co-defendants ... if one of her top prosecutors on the case ... is removed from the team"; That prosecutor resigned that day. In regard to the court hearings about taking the district attorney off the case (or disqualifying her): On March 1, there was a court hearing. Earlier (February 27) one of those that witnessed at an earlier hearing, testified again; He had been ordered to testify again. Media said earlier (February 23) that a new affidavit from a private investigator, says that phone records show that the district attorney and Nathan Wade had more than 2,000 phone calls and more than 11,000 text messages during an 11 month period of 2021; The district attorney and Wade have testified that they were not in a romantic relationship during that time; Earlier (February 15) a hearing started; Earlier (February 12), the judge in the case said that he will consider taking district attorney Fani Willis off the case, if there was a financial conflict-of-interest between Willis and the man that she gave a job to (as special prosecutor in the Trump case); That man is Nathan Wade.
Earlier (February 2), Willis said in a document to the court, that she has been in a personal relationship with Wade since 2022.
As of the beginning of March 2024, trial dates for 15 defendants have not been set; Four other defendants have earlier made a guilty plea.
The court case is in Fulton County Superior Court, a state court. Georgia election racketeering prosecution, is one of the names of the case.
==== New York State's fraud case (trial in civil court) ====
In September 2022, the New York State Attorney General filed a fraud case (a civil lawsuit) against Trump, his three oldest children, and the Trump Organization.
In February 2024, the court found Trump (responsible according to law, or) liable. Trump said he would appeal the verdict. In March, the court system said that he "can post a bond of $175 million while he appeals the verdict". On April 1, he posted bond. A U.S. authority has asked [the court] (and "filed notice"), "for evidence that the company, which backed the bond ... can pay up if" necessary.
The case is sometimes called New York civil investigation of The Trump Organization.
==== E. Jean Carroll's lawsuits (trial in civil court) ====
In February 2024, there was a verdict against Trump. The next month, Trump got "a bond that will prevent E. Jean Carroll from immediately enforcing [a c. $83 million, or] an $83.3 million defamation verdict while Trump" is appealing (or asking for another trial, in a higher court).
=== Cases with a final decision (or verdict) ===
==== Case about being on the ballot (March 2024) in Illinois ====
Trump won a case in March 2024; He gets to have his name on the ballot in Illinois. During the previous month, Trump appealed a court ruling in Illinois, that says that the Illinois Board of Elections must remove Trump's name from the ballot of the (March 19) primary election.
=== 2024 presidential campaign ===
On November 15, 2022, Trump announced his candidacy for the 2024 United States presidential election and created a fundraising account.
He has won 995 delegates, as of March 6, 2024. He needs to have 1,215 to win the primary elections (or the Republican presidential caucus).
Trump won in Utah, Alaska, California, Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Maine, Oklahoma, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, Colorado, Massachusetts and Minnesota. Those elections were held on Super Tuesday.
He lost Vermont and American Samoa (March 6, 2024).
Earlier (March 4) he lost Washington D.C.
Earlier Trump won 4 states: Missouri, Michigan, South Carolina, and Iowa. He won a landslide victory in the 2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses.
On July 15, 2024, the first day of the Republican National Convention, Trump announced JD Vance as his nominee for vice president.
==== Attempted assassination ====
On July 13, 2024, during a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, Thomas Matthew Crooks shot Trump. People at the rally and in videos have shown that Trump was bleeding from his right ear after the shooting. He put his fist into the air for a few seconds. He was quickly brought to a vehicle afterwards. He was brought to the hospital. The shooter and a spectator were killed. Trump and two others were injured.
== Second presidency, 2025–present ==
=== Presidential transition ===
Trump was elected the 47th president of the United States in November 2024. He beat vice president Kamala Harris. He became the second president in U.S. history elected to serve non-consecutive terms after former president Grover Cleveland. The Associated Press and BBC News described it as a comeback for a former president. At age 78 at the time of the 2024 election, Trump is the oldest person to be elected U.S. president, and the first convicted felon to become U.S. president. He was also set to become the first Republican in twenty years to win the popular vote in the U.S. presidential elections. Trump received congratulatory messages from politicians all over the world.
== Personal life ==
Trump has five children by three marriages and has ten grandchildren. Trump is a Presbyterian. As a child, he began going to church at the First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica, Queens.
=== Marriages ===
Trump married his first wife, Czech model Ivana Zelníčková, on April 7, 1977, at the Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan. They had three children: son Donald Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977), daughter Ivanka (born October 30, 1981), and son Eric (born January 6, 1984). Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988. By early 1990, Trump's troubled marriage to Ivana and affair with actress Marla Maples had been reported in the tabloid press. They were divorced in 1992.
Trump married his second wife, actress Marla Maples in 1993. They had one daughter together, Tiffany (born October 13, 1993). The couple were separated in 1997 and later divorced in 1999.
In 1998, Trump began a relationship with Slovene model Melania Knauss, who became his third wife. They were engaged in April 2004 and were married on January 22, 2005, at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church, in Palm Beach, Florida. In 2006, Melania became a naturalized United States citizen. On March 20, 2006, she gave birth to their son, whom they named Barron Trump.
=== Health ===
A medical report by his doctor, Harold Bornstein MD, showed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid function were in normal range. Trump says that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed other drugs, including marijuana. He also does not drink alcohol, a decision after his brother's death caused by alcoholism. His BMI, according to his December 2016 visit on Doctor Oz, is just under 30, which is "high".
In February 2019, a new medical test found Trump to be clinically obese. He was later diagnosed with coronary artery disease.
On October 1, 2020, Trump announced on Twitter that he and his wife tested positive for COVID-19. He was briefly hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Donald J. Trump for President campaign website
Bio of Trump at the Trump Organization
Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
Profile at Project Vote Smart
Donald Trump on IMDb
Trump Appearances on C-SPAN
Donald Trump at the Open Directory Project
TITLE Department of Government Efficiency
The Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), known "officially" as the United States Department Of Government Efficiency Service Temporary Organization, is a temporary commission of the United States federal government. It is a rebranding of the United States Digital Service, and was announced by Donald Trump, in the early days of his second term as U.S. president.
Despite the name, DOGE is not a federal executive department, which are created through an act of Congress. The U.S. DOGE Service, is housed within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Trump said that the commission's work will end no later than July 4, 2026, the 250th anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
It was led by Elon Musk, and has sparked considerable controversy.
Some DOGE team members, including Elon Musk, are designated as "special government employees"; Those are in an advisory role that should last no longer than 130-days.
== Elon Musk's time at the organization ==
In April 2025, Trump said to his advisors or "inner circle that Musk will leave soon", according to a media outlet.
Musk said that he believes that the commission could lower the U.S. federal budget by $2 trillion. Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, has supported the idea. He also added a rumor that the department would like to terminate federal student aid for the coming 4 academic years.
=== Actions and powers ===
Musk has been involved in several controversial actions since DOGE was created. Musk, with President Donald Trump, began a comprehensive initiative to restructure the federal government. This includes downsizing federal agencies such as USAID and the US Department of Education. Musk claims he is eliminating perceived inefficiencies, cancelling significant grants, and reducing the workforce to cut costs.
DOGE has gained access to critical government systems, including the Treasury Department's payment infrastructure. This access allows DOGE to monitor and potentially halt federal payments, including those to contractors and social services.
Musk's actions have faced legal opposition. A U.S. judge issued a temporary order blocking steps to dismantle USAID, citing constitutional concerns. Additionally, lawsuits have been filed against DOGE, alleging violations of federal laws and regulations. People have protested DOGE and Elon Musk's involvement in it.
DOGE has experienced internal staffing changes, including the resignation of a staffer over racist online posts. Musk has indicated plans to rehire the individual, after Vice President J. D. Vance advocated for it. He believed online posts were not a good reason for someone to lose their job.
== Other information ==
Despite the similarity in name, and jokes mocking the department's name there is no definitive proof that DOGE was named after the famous internet memes or corresponding cryptocurrency of the same name.
== Notes ==
== References ==
TITLE Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a department of the United States government that is responsible for intelligence. Its headquarters are at the George Bush Center for Intelligence in Langley, Virginia.
== History ==
The United States has a history in intelligence services dating back to its origins. During the American Revolution, George Washington and other Founding Fathers of the United States such as Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, and Patrick Henry used espionage networks.
The CIA was formed in 1947, after World War II. Many of the people who started the CIA, including General John K. Singlaub, had been part of the Office of Strategic Services. This was the United States' main spy agency during the war.
In 1992, Saddam Hussein tried to kill former United States President George H. W. Bush, who was once Director of the CIA, during a visit to Kuwait. The assassination plot failed. President Bill Clinton reacted by firing cruise missiles at Iraq's main intelligence headquarters. However, the missiles were fired at night, so the people who had planned the assassination were not killed; the building's cleaners were.
Since March 19, 2021, William Joseph Burns has been Director of the CIA.
== Operations ==
CIA has many clandestine, (secret) operations. Some CIA employees have been killed during their work. Their names are on a CIA memorial with a star for them, but some of the names are still secret. The number of stars is deliberately inaccurate.
The CIA also uses open sources to gather information. Analysts read foreign newspapers and watch foreign news broadcasts to learn information, which can be pieced together to make a conclusion.
The CIA used to report to the President. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, a reorganization made the CIA and other intelligence agencies report to a Director of National Intelligence.
== Portrayals ==
The CIA has been featured in many television and film productions, including:
The American television show "The Agency"
The American television mini-series "The Company"
The film "Spy Game" (starring Robert Redford and Brad Pitt)
"Night Flight to Moscow" (starring Yul Brenner)
"Scorpio" (starring Burt Lancaster)
"Clear and Present Danger" (starring Harrison Ford)
"The Recruit" (starring Colin Farrell and Al Pacino)
"Ice Station Zebra"
Several James Bond films (featuring the CIA agent Felix Leiter)
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Central Intelligence Agency website
TITLE United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States Government agency which is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid.
== Background ==
President John F. Kennedy created USAID from its predecessor agencies in 1961 by executive order. USAID's programs are authorized by Congress in the Foreign Assistance Act, which Congress supplements through directions in annual funding appropriation acts and other legislation. Although it is technically an independent agency, USAID operates subject to the foreign policy guidance of the President, Secretary of State, and the National Security Council.
USAID operates in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.
In February 2025, Elon Musk, head of the Department of Government Efficiency, announced the intention of shutting down USAID.
After the shut down was announced, the USAID website and its public document library, called the Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC), was also taken offline. Some of these documents have been saved and are now available on an independent website Independent DEC Archive (usaid.onl)
== List of Administrators ==
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Official website
Agency for International Development in the Federal Register
Records of the Agency for International Development (AID) in the National Archives
USAID Development Innovation Ventures Archived 2012-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
Archived USAID documents (independent reconstruction)
TITLE Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an agency of the United States government. It was established by President Barack Obama in 2011.
== What do they do? ==
It is responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. They work within banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States.
== Creation ==
The CFPB's creation was made by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the eventual Great Recession. The CFPB was established as an independent agency, but this status is being reviewed by the U.S. Court of Appeals.
== Leadership ==
The CFPB is headed by a director who is appointed by the President for a five-year term. The bureau is also assisted by a Consumer Advisory Council, which is composed of at least six members who are recommended by regional Federal Reserve presidents.
The first director of the CFPB was Ohio politician Richard Cordray who served from 2012 through 2017. The current Acting Director is Russell Vought since February 7, 2025. On February 11, 2025, President Donald Trump nominated Jonathan McKernan to serve as director.
== 2020 Supreme Court decision ==
The Supreme Court of the United State (SCOTUS), in a 5-to-4 decision, ruled June 29, 2020, that the structure of the CFPB violates the separation-of-powers clause of the constitution since the bill directed that the CFPB director could be removed by the president only for "cause," defined as "inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.
== List of directors ==
Status
== Notes ==
== References ==
TITLE Kristi Noem
Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem (; née Arnold; born November 30, 1971) is an American politician who has been the 8th United States Secretary of Homeland Security since 2025. Noem is a member of the Republican Party. Before, she was the 33rd Governor of South Dakota from 2019 to 2025, the United States Representative from South Dakota's at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2019, and member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for the 6th district from 2007 to 2011.
Noem was elected governor in the 2018 election, defeating Democrat Billie Sutton. During her time as governor, she became known for her refusal to issue a face mask mandate in South Dakota during the COVID-19 pandemic and for her strict response to protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline. In 2022, Noem was re-elected by a landslide.
In August 2013, conservative Newsmax magazine named Noem among the "25 most influential women in the GOP". She was seen as a possible vice presidential pick for former President Donald Trump's re-election campaign in the 2024 election. In November 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security during his second administration.
Living in rural South Dakota, Noem is also a farmer and a rancher. Noem released her first autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland, in 2022. In her second autobiography, No Going Back (2024), Noem talked about a time in which she shot and killed her young dog that because of how he behaved. This caused criticisms from Democrats and Republicans. Noem said that she was a "responsible owner" who made a tough decision.
== Early life ==
Noem was born in Watertown, South Dakota, and was raised with her siblings on their family ranch and farm in Hamlin County. Noem graduated from Hamlin High School in 1990, and was crowned South Dakota Snow Queen that year.
Noem's father was killed in a farm machinery accident in 1994. Noem went to Northern State University from 1990 to 1994, but did not graduate. Her daughter was born in 1994. Noem left college early to run the family farm. She later took classes at the Watertown campus of Mount Marty College and at South Dakota State University, and online classes from the University of South Dakota. She completed her BA in political science at SDSU in 2012 while serving in Congress.
== State legislature ==
In 2006, Noem won a seat as a Republican in the South Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. In 2006, she won with 39% of the vote. In 2008, she was reelected with 41% of the vote.
From 2007 to 2010; she was an assistant majority leader during her second term. During her time as a state representative, Noem was the prime sponsor of 11 bills that became law.
== U.S. House of Representatives ==
In 2010, Noem ran for South Dakota's at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She won the Republican primary with 42 percent of the vote. Noem ran against Democratic U.S. Congresswoman Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, eventually defeating her with 48 percent to 46 percent. She would go on to be re-elected three more times in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
In March 2011, Republican Representative Pete Sessions of Texas named Noem one of the 12 regional directors for the National Republican Congressional Committee during the 2012 election campaign. After being elected to Congress, Noem continued her education through online courses. The Washington Post called her Capitol Hill's "most powerful intern" for receiving college intern credits from her position as a member of Congress. She earned a B.A. in political science from South Dakota State University in 2012.
Noem supported looking for other renewable energy options while ending the United States's use of foreign oil.
Noem supported the Keystone XL Pipeline and supports offshore oil drilling. In 2011, she sponsored a bill to block Environmental Protection Agency funding for tighter air pollution standards. Noem was against a bill by Democratic South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson that would designate over 48,000 acres (190 km2) of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland as protected wilderness.
In March 2011, Noem was against President Barack Obama's plan for the NATO-led military intervention in the 2011 Libyan civil war.
Noem is against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted to remove it. She supported cuts to Medicaid.
== Governor of South Dakota ==
On November 14, 2016, Noem announced that she would run for governor of South Dakota in 2018 rather than seek reelection to Congress. She defeated South Dakota Attorney General Marty Jackley in the June 5 Republican primary, 56 to 44 percent. She would go on to defeat Democratic nominee Billie Sutton in the general election, 51.0 to 47.6 percent. Noem was sworn in as governor of South Dakota on January 5, 2019, becoming the first woman to hold that office. She was re-elected in 2022, winning 62% of the vote. Noem resigned as governor on January 25, 2025 to become United States Secretary of Homeland Security.
=== Gun rights ===
In 2019, Noem signed a bill into law ending South Dakota's permit requirement to carry a concealed handgun. In 2022, she wanted to build a gun range in Meade County with government funds, but the state legislature rejected it.
At a 2023 NRA event in Indiana, Noem said that her two-year-old granddaughter had a shotgun, a rifle, and a "little pony named Sparkles".
=== Abortion laws ===
During her time as governor, she was known for her anti-abortion views. She signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion in South Dakota. Noem in 2019 signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion, saying that the bills would "crack down on abortion providers in South Dakota".
After the overturning of Roe v. Wade, South Dakota became one of the first states to ban abortions. In an interview on CNN, Noem defended South Dakota's abortion ban, which only allows exceptions in cases in which the mother's life is in danger and that she would not support changing the law to allow exceptions for victims of rape. In January 2024, she called 2024 the "Freedom for Life Year", supporting anti-abortion laws. In April 2024, Noem announced that she had changed her support for a federal ban on abortion, saying she believed that abortion law should be determined at the state level.
=== Protest laws ===
Noem was also strict with protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline project. She passed several anti-protest laws and increased policing near the pipeline. She supported another law, which was passed, to raise money for creating legal punishments for supporting and directing participation in rioting. Many organization, such as Sierra Club, challenged the laws in suits, arguing that the laws were against First Amendment rights as it allowed the state to sue protesters. In 2020, after a federal court took down sections of the legislation as unconstitutional, however Noem brought additional legislation to remove sections of the previous bill and clarify the definition of "incitement to riot".
=== COVID-19 response ===
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Noem at first supported quarantine plans, however when President Donald Trump became more against government's urging lockdowns, she became more critical of lockdowns and quarantine plans. Noem wanted a bill to pass the state house to give power to county and health officials to decide when businesses and schools should close. However, the bill did not pass. She used COVID relief funds from the government to promote the state's tourism, despite it still being unsafe to travel. She did not pass face mask mandates. She was one of few governors who had not pass statewide stay-at-home orders or face-mask mandates.
The Republican National Committee supported her response to the pandemic and invited her to speak during the 2020 Republican National Convention. The convention speech made her very popular in the party and made her well known across the country.
In July 2021, Noem criticized other Republican governors for passing mandatory measures against COVID-19 and trying to "rewrite history" about it. She argued that South Dakota had successfully fought off the pandemic, however the state had the 10th-highest death rate and third-highest case rate at that time.
=== LGBT+ rights ===
Noem is against same-sex marriage. In 2015 she said she disagreed with Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court's ruling that same-sex marriage bans are unconstitutional.
On March 8, 2021, Noem announced on Twitter that she would sign into law H.B. 1217, the Fairness in Women's Sports Act|Women's Fairness in Sports Bill, which bans transgender athletes from playing on or against women's school and college sports teams. On March 19, Noem made it harder for the bill to be changed through a veto. She defended her position on Fox News during an interview with Tucker Carlson. On March 29, the South Dakota House rejected Noem's veto, 67–2. The bill was returned to Noem for reconsideration, and she vetoed it again. The House could not override her veto, by a vote of 45-24 (47 votes were needed to override). Many conservative commentators criticized Noem for vetoing the bill.
=== Drug policies ===
On November 18, 2019, Noem released a meth awareness campaign named "Meth. We're on It". The campaign was not popular and Noem was criticized for spending $449,000 of public money while hiring an out-of-state advertising agency from Minnesota to lead the project. She defended the campaign as successful in raising awareness.
In 2020, Noem was against two ballot measures to legalize cannabis for medical use and recreational use in South Dakota. She said that "The fact is, I've never met someone who got smarter from smoking pot. It's not good for our kids. And it's not going to improve our communities." After both measures passed, she and two police officers filed a lawsuit seeking a court decision against the measure legalizing recreational use. On February 8, 2021, circuit court judge Christina Klinger said that the amendment as unconstitutional. After the ruling, she also wanted to stop the use of legal medical marijuana for a year. However, she failed and medical marijuana became legal on July 1, 2021.
=== Immigration ===
In June 2021, Noem announced that she was sending members of the state's national guard to Texas's border with Mexico with the support of Republican donors. On September 22, 2021, the Center for Public Integrity sued the South Dakota National Guard and the U.S. Department of Defense. The 2022 National Defense Authorization Act banned National Guard members from crossing state borders to perform duties paid for by private donors.
=== Fireworks at Mount Rushmore lawsuit ===
In 2021, Noem sued United States Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, because she wanted to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for Independence Day. Firework shows stopped at the site in 2009 by the National Park Service because of the fire risks. Noem hired the private Washington D.C. law firm Consovoy McCarthy to bring the case, with South Dakota state taxpayer money paying for the suit. The U.S. District Court dismissed the suit, after the court found that four of the five reasons given by the NPS and Secretary Haaland were valid. On July 13, Noem filed an appeal.
On March 14, 2022, the National Park Service again denied Noem's application for a permit to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for the 4th of July, because of Native American groups were against it and the possibility of wildfires.
=== Prank call ===
In 2023, a reporter from Dakota News Now used Noem's personal phone number in a prank call to the former chair of the South Dakota Republican Party. The reporter was fired and Noem asked the U.S. attorney general to investigate the leak of her personal information.
=== Native American tribes ===
In early 2024, several Native American tribes banned Noem from entering on their land after she accused some tribal leaders of benefiting from having cartels within their borders and some tribes of ignoring their children.
== National politics ==
=== 2020 presidential election ===
Noem claimed that the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump, had large levels of voter fraud, even though there was no evidence supports this claim. On December 8, 2020, Noem acknowledged a Biden administration, but continued to say that the election was not "free and fair."
After the United States Capitol was attacked by a pro-Trump mob on January 6, 2021, Noem spoke out against the violence, saying, "We are all entitled to peacefully protest. Violence is not a part of that." One day after calling for peace after the attack, Noem called the two newly elected Democratic senators from Georgia, Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock, "communists".
Former President Donald Trump wanted Noem to run against U.S. Senator John Thune for the Republican nomination in the 2022 Senate election because Thune did not support Trump's claims that the 2020 election was stolen. Noem said she did not want to run for the United States Senate in January 2021.
=== 2024 presidential election ===
At first, Noem was seen as a possible presidential candidate for the 2024 election, but endorsed former President Donald Trump's 2024 campaign in September 2023. In early 2024, Noem was mentioned as a possible running mate for Trump's re-election campaign.
By April 2024, insiders said that her chances of being picked as Trump's running mate had decreased because of her stance on abortion and after she revealed in her autobiography No Going Back that she shot and killed her pet dog.
== U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security ==
=== Nomination ===
On November 12, 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security for his second administration. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs had a confirmation hearing for her on January 17, 2025. The committee supported her nomination in a 13–2 vote on January 20. Noem was confirmed by the Senate on January 25, 2025, with a vote of 59–34.
After resigning as the governor of South Dakota, she was sworn in as secretary on January 25, 2025, by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry holding the Bible. She was sworn in by Thomas because Noem was more than 25 minutes late to her swearing-in ceremony at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, where Vice President JD Vance was waiting to preside over the ceremony. After waiting for over half an hour, Vance had left the building in order to maintain his schedule.
=== Tenure ===
In the early morning of January 28, 2025, Noem joined multiple federal law enforcement agencies, including ICE, to lead a mass arrest on illegal immigrants in New York City. Her department posted a video of the raid on X that showed an apparent arrest. After the 2025 Potomac River mid-air collision, Noem sent the U.S. Coast Guard resources for search and rescue efforts. One of Noem's first acts in office was to end an 18-month extension of temporary protected status for about 600,000 Venezuelans who had fled Nicolás Maduro's authoritarian socialist regime.
In April, The Washington Post found that Noem had asked the Social Security Administration to falsely list over 6,000 living immigrants in its database of dead people. That same month, Noem's purse was stolen from a Washington D.C. burger restaurant. The purse had her government access badge, apartment keys, $2,000-3,000 in cash, her passport, and blank checks.
The Trump administration has said that around 140,000 people had been deported as of April 2025.
In May 2025 during a congressional hearing, Noem falsely said that habeas corpus is "a constitutional right that the president has to be able to remove people from this country". After being corrected on the definition, Noem said that the American president "has the authority under the Constitution to" choose to suspend habeas corpus. That same month, Noem tried to send student visas for Harvard University.
During a news conference in Los Angeles on June 12, Noem did not recognize California U.S. Senator Alex Padilla, who was at her news conference. When Padilla tried to ask Noem a question, he was forcibly removed from the room, pushed to the ground, and handcuffed by FBI and Secret Service agents.
== Personal life ==
She married Bryon Noem in 1992, in Watertown, South Dakota. They have three children. Noem is a Protestant. In 2011, when Noem moved to Washington to take her congressional office, her family continued to live on a ranch near Castlewood, South Dakota.
Noem published her autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland on June 28, 2022.
On September 15, 2023, the New York Post and the Daily Mail separately published articles saying that Noem had had an ongoing affair with Corey Lewandowski, since at least 2019. Five days later, Noem's spokesperson denied the story.
On June 17, 2025, Noem was hospitalized for an allergic reaction. She was sent home later that night.
=== Dog shooting controversy ===
In April 2024, The Guardian reported parts from Noem's second autobiography No Going Back, scheduled to be published in May 2024, in which Noem talked about personally using a gun to kill a dog and a goat that her family owned on the same day. When Noem brought Cricket, a female wirehaired pointer dog around fourteen months old, to hunt pheasants, Cricket went "out of her mind with excitement, chasing all those birds". After the hunt, Cricket escaped Noem's vehicle, killed several of another family's chickens and bit Noem. Afterwards, she said that she "hated that dog" and that Cricket was dangerous to humans, which made her to deciding to kill Cricket.
After Noem shot the dog, Noem decided to kill a male goat that was "disgusting, nasty and mean", who "loved to chase" Noem's children and knock them down. Noem responded to The Guardian's report by saying that "tough decisions like this happen all the time on a farm. Sadly, we just had to put down three horses a few weeks ago that had been in our family for 25 years." The story led to bipartisan criticism of Noem, including doubts on her chances to be Donald Trump's vice presidential pick.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Official site of the Governor of South Dakota
Kristi Noem for Governor
Kristi Noem at Curlie
Appearances on C-SPAN
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart
Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
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Thomas Fugate, who graduated from the University of Texas at San Antonio just 12 months ago, is currently heading up the Center for Prevention Programs and Partnerships at the DHS, as first...
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