Given at the end is an article. Analyze it and output in the following JSON format.
{
"analysis": {
"bias": {
"score": "1-10, where 1-10 measures UNFAIR or UNHELPFUL bias.
As the AI analyst, you must judge:
1. Fairness of Bias:
- Is the tone/alarm proportional to events?
- Is criticism warranted by facts?
- Are similar actions judged equally?
2. Utility of Bias:
- Does the bias help readers understand real implications?
- Does it highlight genuine concerns that neutral language might minimize?
- Does it provide valuable context through its perspective?
Example: An article about climate change might use emotional language
and scary scenarios. While this is technically 'bias', it might be
USEFUL bias if it helps readers grasp real dangers that cold, neutral
language would understate.
A high bias score should only be given when bias is both unfair AND unhelpful.",
"description": "Explain both unfair and useful bias found. For each biased element:
1. Is it fair/warranted?
2. Does it serve a valuable purpose for readers?
3. Should it be removed or retained?"
},
"missing_context_misinformation": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"", # DIRECTLY provide essential context the reader needs without ANY phrases like "the article lacks/doesn't/fails to mention/omits" etc. Simply state the relevant facts. Each point up to 5 sentences as needed. Up to 10 points. NEVER refer to the article itself or what it's missing - just supply the information directly. The missing context should try to compensate for the bias in the article, and not just add related information.
]
},
"disinformation_lies": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"" # Provide corrections for verifiably false statement. These lines should be brief. Upto 10 points.
# Use Wikipedia (via the search tool) to verify events and dates up through 2025-06-20. Any event dated ≤ 2025-06-20 should not be marked as disinformation if it matches Wikipedia. Only flag statements you can not verify or that Wikipedia contradicts as of 2025-06-20.”
]
}
},
"summary": [], # A list of 2 to 5 paragraphs. Provide a version that: * Retains key facts and proportional concerns, * Removes unfair bias while keeping warranted criticism, * Adds critical missing context, * Corrects any inaccuracies. Remove author attribution. Maintain article's POV - no meta-references. You can decide the most appropriate length based on the article.summary can be longer than the article if needed.
"title": "Provide an Appropriate Title Based on the Article's Content.",
"changes_made": [
"List significant changes made in the summary",
"Include both removals and additions",
"Note bias adjustments"
],
"key_words": [
"3-10 relevant terms to help identify related articles",
"Focus on major themes and topics"
],
"keywords_update": {
"keyword-to-add-or-update": "new summary or updated to replace the previous"
}
}
KEYWORDS UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS:
- We want to save new information from beyond your knowledge cutoff of Mar 2024.
- Information can come from the provided article or Wikipedia.
- Pick up to 3 keywords of highest importance to update with new information.
- If a keyword lacks a summary, write one from scratch.
- For each keyword, list one line per new fact (up to 50 sentences per keyword).
- Each fact must:
1. Be one or two sentences long.
2. End with 1-3 references in brackets, e.g. [apnews], [nytimes,wikipedia].
3. Immediately after the reference(s), append a hyphen and the date of the event or when the fact was reported, in ISO format:
`Statement. [source] - [YYYY-MM-DD]`
- If you update an existing keyword's source (e.g. [foxnews] → [apnews]), ensure the replacement is supported by an article.
- Ensure each keyword is specific enough that its new facts warrant inclusion.
<example>
ARTICLE TOPIC
Raiding of 100+ immigrants allegedly illegal alients and alleged members from the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, MS-13, and the Hells Angels for deportation. Authorities also found drugs at the underground nightclub at a strip mall in Colorado Springs. President Donald Trump praised the raid, saying on TruthSocial it had targeted some of the worst people in the US, whom he alleged judges are reluctant to deport.
keywords worth updating:
tren-de-aragua (I am sure this gang has a big list of information, but this deportation will be worth a mention)
tren-de-aragua+deportation (a more specific keyword that can take more detail about this incident)
trump+illegal_deportation (add this to the list of illegal deportations conducted by trump administration)
colorado_springs (this is a unique event for this town. an update here will add some trivia.)
trump+immigration (a key fact worth mentioning about how trump is implementation his immigration policies)
keywords to not update:
trump (too broad. not one of top 50 facts related to trump.)
illegal_deportation (depending upon existing content, may be too crowded for this incident to be added)
colorado (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
drug_raids (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
</example>
<existing_keywords_summaries>
trump+separation-of-powers : The Trump administration's invocation of state secrets privilege in March 2025 created a constitutional confrontation with federal courts over deportation operations. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. Justice Department officials argued that further judicial intrusions would present 'dangerous and wholly unwarranted separation-of-powers harms' regarding diplomatic and national security concerns. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. The dispute arose when the administration allegedly violated federal court orders to halt deportation flights under the Alien Enemies Act. [CNN] - 2025-03-17.
trump+california-national-guard :
9th-circuit+trump-military-authority :
newsom+trump-federalization-dispute :
10-usc-12406+national-guard :
pete-hegseth+national-guard-orders :
los-angeles+immigration-unrest :
federal-court+military-deployment :
california+federal-overreach :
national-guard+federalization-law :
9th-circuit+trump-military-authority :
trump+california-national-guard :
newsom+trump-federalization-dispute :
10-usc-12406+national-guard :
pete-hegseth+national-guard-orders :
9th-circuit-trump-military-authority :
trump-california-national-guard :
newsom-trump-federalization-dispute :
10-usc-12406-national-guard :
pete-hegseth-national-guard-orders :
</existing_keywords_summaries>
<wikipedia_requested_titles>
TITLE June 2025 Los Angeles protests
Starting on June 6, 2025, people began protesting immigration raids in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Protests began in Los Angeles on June 6, when Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) came many city locations to arrest illegal immigrants.
On June 6, protests against the raids turned into riots when people fought with the Los Angeles Police Department and ICE. On June 7, more clashes happened with federal forces in Paramount and Compton during more raids. President Donald Trump then sent 300 National Guard soldiers to the city using Title 10. The Defense Secretary, Pete Hegseth, said the Marine Corps is ready to help if things get worse.
At least 56 were arrested. Some police and protestors were hurt.
In regard to the U.S. president putting in place, (groups or) units from the National Guard, against the wish of the governor of a U.S state: Such happeneded previously, as late as a presidency in 1965, according to media.
700 marines are being mobilized (as of June 9), in the U.S. president's "use of the military as a show of force against protesters", according to media; Furthermore, the 700 marines and "the National Guard troops, they are prohibited from [doing] law enforcement activity such as making arrests unless Trump invokes the Insurrection Act". These marines will have a mission; [That will include] protecting federal agents and federal buildings.
== References ==
TITLE Pete Hegseth
Peter Brian Hegseth (born June 6, 1980) is an American political commentator, television presenter, author and Army National Guard officer who has been the 29th United States Secretary of Defense since 2025.
Hegseth was in the U.S. military with deployments to Cuba and Iraq. He began working for Fox News as a commentator in 2014 and was a co-host of Fox & Friends Weekend from 2017 to 2024. He was the executive director of Vets for Freedom and Concerned Veterans for America.
He was thought to be the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs under the Donald Trump presidency, but major veterans' groups objected, and in January 2017, David Shulkin was selected instead. In November 2024, President-elect Trump announced that he intends to nominate Hegseth for Secretary of Defense. In 2025, he was involved in the United States government group chat leak, also known as Signalgate.
== Early life ==
Hegseth was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was raised in nearby Forest Lake. Hegseth graduated from Princeton University in 2003. In 2013, he received a Master of Public Policy (MPP) from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
== Military career ==
Following graduation from Princeton in 2003, Hegseth joined Bear Stearns. He was also commissioned as an infantry officer in the Minnesota National Guard. In 2004 he went to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, where he was an infantry platoon leader. Hegseth volunteered to serve in Baghdad and Samarra. During his time in Iraq, he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal, Combat Infantryman Badge, and a second Army Commendation Medal. He returned to active duty in 2012 as a captain. By 2015 or 2016, Hegseth had been promoted to the rank of major, and was assigned to the Army Individual Ready Reserve.
== U.S. Senate campaign ==
In 2012, Hegseth ran for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat in Minnesota. He ended his campaign after the May 2012 convention, before the Republican primary election in August.
== Fox News ==
Hegseth joined Fox News as a contributor in 2014. In December 2018, Hegseth co-hosted Fox News Channel's All-American New Year with Fox Business Network's Kennedy. He was a regular guest on Unfiltered with Dan Bongino. From 2017 until 2024, he was a co-host of Fox & Friends.
== U.S. Secretary of Defense ==
=== Nomination ===
In November 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate Hegseth to serve as the next Secretary of Defense.
Several days later, a woman sent a memo to Trump's transition team about a 2017 sexual assault allegation against Hegseth. Several senators later said they were worried about Hegseth being the Defense secretary nominee.
He appeared before the Senate Armed Services Committee on January 14, 2025. During the hearing, Hegseth denied allegations of sexual assault, marital infidelity, and public drunkenness.
On January 21, senators received an affidavit from his former sister-in-law, Danielle Hegseth, stating that she had seen Hegseth's bad behavior and believed that "Hegseth has an alcohol abuse problem", believed that he "was abusive to his ex-wife Samantha", and swore that Samantha had "hid in her closet from Hegseth because she feared for her personal safety". Hegseth denied the affidavit's claims and his ex-wife said he was never physically abusive.
On January 23, 2025, Senators Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, voted no for the nomination process to move towards the confirmation process in the Senate. All Senate Democrats also voted no for this step in the confirmation process, given the total 51–49 vote, moving his nomination for a full Senate vote on January 24, 2025. He was confirmed by the Senate in a 51–50 vote on January 24, 2025, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote. Collins, Murkowski and Mitch McConnell of Kentucky joined all Senate Democrats in voting against Hegseth.
=== Time in office ===
Hegseth was sworn in as secretary of defense on January 25, 2025 by Vice President JD Vance. In a call to Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu a day after being sworn in, Hegseth said that the United States was "fully committed" to the security of Israel. Hegseth visited the Mexico–United States border with Tom Homan, Trump's border czar, in El Paso, Texas, in February.
Hegseth told Asian allies (May 2025), that those allies "they weren’t spending enough on their own defense".
==== Signal chat leak ====
From March 11 to 15, 2025, a group of United States national security leaders had a conversation on a group chat using the Signal messaging service about a military operations against the Houthis in Yemen. Among the chat's members were Hegseth, Vice President Vance, top White House staff, CIA director John Ratcliffe, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio. A leak of the chat happened when National Security Advisor Mike Waltz a journalist from The Atlantic to the group by accident. On March 15, Hegseth used the chat to share sensitive and classified details of the airstrikes, including types of aircraft and missiles, as well as launch and attack times.
On April 20, 2025, The New York Times reported that Hegseth started another Signal group chat called "Defense ' Team Huddle" [sic]. This chat had information about the timing of airstrikes, and included Hegseth's brother, his wife and about a dozen other people.
== Personal life ==
Hegseth and his first wife, Meredith Schwarz, divorced in 2009. He married his second wife, Samantha Deering, in 2010. They have three children. Hegseth lived near Nashville, Tennessee with his family.
In August 2017, while still married to Deering, Hegseth had a daughter with Fox executive producer Jennifer Rauchet. He and Deering divorced in August 2017. Hegseth and Rauchet married in August 2019.
== Other information ==
He has tattoos. Before the U.S. Congress gave confirmation that he could have the job as Secretary of Defense, media said that Hegseth has a tattoo that has a political meaning. He has showed that kind of tattoo on social media, according to media outlets.
Earlier (2020), Hegseth volunteered as one of the up-to-25,000 National Guard troops to be put on active duty to protect the inauguration of President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021, but was removed from that mission because he was one of twelve soldiers "linked to 'right-wing militia groups,' or found to have 'posted extremist views online.'"
New advisers (as of April 2025), are "the former military aide, Colonel Ricky Buria; Justin Fulcher, a tech entrepreneur and DOGE adviser; and Patrick Weaver", a government worker.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Quotations related to Pete Hegseth at Wikiquote
Media related to Pete Hegseth at Wikimedia Commons
Hegseth at the Princeton Tory
Appearances on C-SPAN
TITLE Kristi Noem
Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem (; née Arnold; born November 30, 1971) is an American politician who has been the 8th United States Secretary of Homeland Security since 2025. Noem is a member of the Republican Party. Before, she was the 33rd Governor of South Dakota from 2019 to 2025, the United States Representative from South Dakota's at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2019, and member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for the 6th district from 2007 to 2011.
Noem was elected governor in the 2018 election, defeating Democrat Billie Sutton. During her time as governor, she became known for her refusal to issue a face mask mandate in South Dakota during the COVID-19 pandemic and for her strict response to protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline. In 2022, Noem was re-elected by a landslide.
In August 2013, conservative Newsmax magazine named Noem among the "25 most influential women in the GOP". She was seen as a possible vice presidential pick for former President Donald Trump's re-election campaign in the 2024 election. In November 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security during his second administration.
Living in rural South Dakota, Noem is also a farmer and a rancher. Noem released her first autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland, in 2022. In her second autobiography, No Going Back (2024), Noem talked about a time in which she shot and killed her young dog that because of how he behaved. This caused criticisms from Democrats and Republicans. Noem said that she was a "responsible owner" who made a tough decision.
== Early life ==
Noem was born in Watertown, South Dakota, and was raised with her siblings on their family ranch and farm in Hamlin County. Noem graduated from Hamlin High School in 1990, and was crowned South Dakota Snow Queen that year.
Noem's father was killed in a farm machinery accident in 1994. Noem went to Northern State University from 1990 to 1994, but did not graduate. Her daughter was born in 1994. Noem left college early to run the family farm. She later took classes at the Watertown campus of Mount Marty College and at South Dakota State University, and online classes from the University of South Dakota. She completed her BA in political science at SDSU in 2012 while serving in Congress.
== State legislature ==
In 2006, Noem won a seat as a Republican in the South Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. In 2006, she won with 39% of the vote. In 2008, she was reelected with 41% of the vote.
From 2007 to 2010; she was an assistant majority leader during her second term. During her time as a state representative, Noem was the prime sponsor of 11 bills that became law.
== U.S. House of Representatives ==
In 2010, Noem ran for South Dakota's at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She won the Republican primary with 42 percent of the vote. Noem ran against Democratic U.S. Congresswoman Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, eventually defeating her with 48 percent to 46 percent. She would go on to be re-elected three more times in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
In March 2011, Republican Representative Pete Sessions of Texas named Noem one of the 12 regional directors for the National Republican Congressional Committee during the 2012 election campaign. After being elected to Congress, Noem continued her education through online courses. The Washington Post called her Capitol Hill's "most powerful intern" for receiving college intern credits from her position as a member of Congress. She earned a B.A. in political science from South Dakota State University in 2012.
Noem supported looking for other renewable energy options while ending the United States's use of foreign oil.
Noem supported the Keystone XL Pipeline and supports offshore oil drilling. In 2011, she sponsored a bill to block Environmental Protection Agency funding for tighter air pollution standards. Noem was against a bill by Democratic South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson that would designate over 48,000 acres (190 km2) of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland as protected wilderness.
In March 2011, Noem was against President Barack Obama's plan for the NATO-led military intervention in the 2011 Libyan civil war.
Noem is against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted to remove it. She supported cuts to Medicaid.
== Governor of South Dakota ==
On November 14, 2016, Noem announced that she would run for governor of South Dakota in 2018 rather than seek reelection to Congress. She defeated South Dakota Attorney General Marty Jackley in the June 5 Republican primary, 56 to 44 percent. She would go on to defeat Democratic nominee Billie Sutton in the general election, 51.0 to 47.6 percent. Noem was sworn in as governor of South Dakota on January 5, 2019, becoming the first woman to hold that office. She was re-elected in 2022, winning 62% of the vote. Noem resigned as governor on January 25, 2025 to become United States Secretary of Homeland Security.
=== Gun rights ===
In 2019, Noem signed a bill into law ending South Dakota's permit requirement to carry a concealed handgun. In 2022, she wanted to build a gun range in Meade County with government funds, but the state legislature rejected it.
At a 2023 NRA event in Indiana, Noem said that her two-year-old granddaughter had a shotgun, a rifle, and a "little pony named Sparkles".
=== Abortion laws ===
During her time as governor, she was known for her anti-abortion views. She signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion in South Dakota. Noem in 2019 signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion, saying that the bills would "crack down on abortion providers in South Dakota".
After the overturning of Roe v. Wade, South Dakota became one of the first states to ban abortions. In an interview on CNN, Noem defended South Dakota's abortion ban, which only allows exceptions in cases in which the mother's life is in danger and that she would not support changing the law to allow exceptions for victims of rape. In January 2024, she called 2024 the "Freedom for Life Year", supporting anti-abortion laws. In April 2024, Noem announced that she had changed her support for a federal ban on abortion, saying she believed that abortion law should be determined at the state level.
=== Protest laws ===
Noem was also strict with protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline project. She passed several anti-protest laws and increased policing near the pipeline. She supported another law, which was passed, to raise money for creating legal punishments for supporting and directing participation in rioting. Many organization, such as Sierra Club, challenged the laws in suits, arguing that the laws were against First Amendment rights as it allowed the state to sue protesters. In 2020, after a federal court took down sections of the legislation as unconstitutional, however Noem brought additional legislation to remove sections of the previous bill and clarify the definition of "incitement to riot".
=== COVID-19 response ===
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Noem at first supported quarantine plans, however when President Donald Trump became more against government's urging lockdowns, she became more critical of lockdowns and quarantine plans. Noem wanted a bill to pass the state house to give power to county and health officials to decide when businesses and schools should close. However, the bill did not pass. She used COVID relief funds from the government to promote the state's tourism, despite it still being unsafe to travel. She did not pass face mask mandates. She was one of few governors who had not pass statewide stay-at-home orders or face-mask mandates.
The Republican National Committee supported her response to the pandemic and invited her to speak during the 2020 Republican National Convention. The convention speech made her very popular in the party and made her well known across the country.
In July 2021, Noem criticized other Republican governors for passing mandatory measures against COVID-19 and trying to "rewrite history" about it. She argued that South Dakota had successfully fought off the pandemic, however the state had the 10th-highest death rate and third-highest case rate at that time.
=== LGBT+ rights ===
Noem is against same-sex marriage. In 2015 she said she disagreed with Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court's ruling that same-sex marriage bans are unconstitutional.
On March 8, 2021, Noem announced on Twitter that she would sign into law H.B. 1217, the Fairness in Women's Sports Act|Women's Fairness in Sports Bill, which bans transgender athletes from playing on or against women's school and college sports teams. On March 19, Noem made it harder for the bill to be changed through a veto. She defended her position on Fox News during an interview with Tucker Carlson. On March 29, the South Dakota House rejected Noem's veto, 67–2. The bill was returned to Noem for reconsideration, and she vetoed it again. The House could not override her veto, by a vote of 45-24 (47 votes were needed to override). Many conservative commentators criticized Noem for vetoing the bill.
=== Drug policies ===
On November 18, 2019, Noem released a meth awareness campaign named "Meth. We're on It". The campaign was not popular and Noem was criticized for spending $449,000 of public money while hiring an out-of-state advertising agency from Minnesota to lead the project. She defended the campaign as successful in raising awareness.
In 2020, Noem was against two ballot measures to legalize cannabis for medical use and recreational use in South Dakota. She said that "The fact is, I've never met someone who got smarter from smoking pot. It's not good for our kids. And it's not going to improve our communities." After both measures passed, she and two police officers filed a lawsuit seeking a court decision against the measure legalizing recreational use. On February 8, 2021, circuit court judge Christina Klinger said that the amendment as unconstitutional. After the ruling, she also wanted to stop the use of legal medical marijuana for a year. However, she failed and medical marijuana became legal on July 1, 2021.
=== Immigration ===
In June 2021, Noem announced that she was sending members of the state's national guard to Texas's border with Mexico with the support of Republican donors. On September 22, 2021, the Center for Public Integrity sued the South Dakota National Guard and the U.S. Department of Defense. The 2022 National Defense Authorization Act banned National Guard members from crossing state borders to perform duties paid for by private donors.
=== Fireworks at Mount Rushmore lawsuit ===
In 2021, Noem sued United States Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, because she wanted to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for Independence Day. Firework shows stopped at the site in 2009 by the National Park Service because of the fire risks. Noem hired the private Washington D.C. law firm Consovoy McCarthy to bring the case, with South Dakota state taxpayer money paying for the suit. The U.S. District Court dismissed the suit, after the court found that four of the five reasons given by the NPS and Secretary Haaland were valid. On July 13, Noem filed an appeal.
On March 14, 2022, the National Park Service again denied Noem's application for a permit to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for the 4th of July, because of Native American groups were against it and the possibility of wildfires.
=== Prank call ===
In 2023, a reporter from Dakota News Now used Noem's personal phone number in a prank call to the former chair of the South Dakota Republican Party. The reporter was fired and Noem asked the U.S. attorney general to investigate the leak of her personal information.
=== Native American tribes ===
In early 2024, several Native American tribes banned Noem from entering on their land after she accused some tribal leaders of benefiting from having cartels within their borders and some tribes of ignoring their children.
== National politics ==
=== 2020 presidential election ===
Noem claimed that the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump, had large levels of voter fraud, even though there was no evidence supports this claim. On December 8, 2020, Noem acknowledged a Biden administration, but continued to say that the election was not "free and fair."
After the United States Capitol was attacked by a pro-Trump mob on January 6, 2021, Noem spoke out against the violence, saying, "We are all entitled to peacefully protest. Violence is not a part of that." One day after calling for peace after the attack, Noem called the two newly elected Democratic senators from Georgia, Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock, "communists".
Former President Donald Trump wanted Noem to run against U.S. Senator John Thune for the Republican nomination in the 2022 Senate election because Thune did not support Trump's claims that the 2020 election was stolen. Noem said she did not want to run for the United States Senate in January 2021.
=== 2024 presidential election ===
At first, Noem was seen as a possible presidential candidate for the 2024 election, but endorsed former President Donald Trump's 2024 campaign in September 2023. In early 2024, Noem was mentioned as a possible running mate for Trump's re-election campaign.
By April 2024, insiders said that her chances of being picked as Trump's running mate had decreased because of her stance on abortion and after she revealed in her autobiography No Going Back that she shot and killed her pet dog.
== U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security ==
=== Nomination ===
On November 12, 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security for his second administration. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs had a confirmation hearing for her on January 17, 2025. The committee supported her nomination in a 13–2 vote on January 20. Noem was confirmed by the Senate on January 25, 2025, with a vote of 59–34.
After resigning as the governor of South Dakota, she was sworn in as secretary on January 25, 2025, by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry holding the Bible. She was sworn in by Thomas because Noem was more than 25 minutes late to her swearing-in ceremony at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, where Vice President JD Vance was waiting to preside over the ceremony. After waiting for over half an hour, Vance had left the building in order to maintain his schedule.
=== Tenure ===
In the early morning of January 28, 2025, Noem joined multiple federal law enforcement agencies, including ICE, to lead a mass arrest on illegal immigrants in New York City. Her department posted a video of the raid on X that showed an apparent arrest. After the 2025 Potomac River mid-air collision, Noem sent the U.S. Coast Guard resources for search and rescue efforts. One of Noem's first acts in office was to end an 18-month extension of temporary protected status for about 600,000 Venezuelans who had fled Nicolás Maduro's authoritarian socialist regime.
== Personal life ==
She married Bryon Noem in 1992, in Watertown, South Dakota. They have three children. Noem is a Protestant. In 2011, when Noem moved to Washington to take her congressional office, her family continued to live on a ranch near Castlewood, South Dakota.
Noem published her autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland on June 28, 2022.
On September 15, 2023, the New York Post and the Daily Mail separately published articles saying that Noem had had an ongoing affair with Corey Lewandowski, since at least 2019. Five days later, Noem's spokesperson denied the story.
=== Dog shooting controversy ===
In April 2024, The Guardian reported parts from Noem's second autobiography No Going Back, scheduled to be published in May 2024, in which Noem talked about personally using a gun to kill a dog and a goat that her family owned on the same day. When Noem brought Cricket, a female wirehaired pointer dog around fourteen months old, to hunt pheasants, Cricket went "out of her mind with excitement, chasing all those birds". After the hunt, Cricket escaped Noem's vehicle, killed several of another family's chickens and bit Noem. Afterwards, she said that she "hated that dog" and that Cricket was dangerous to humans, which made her to deciding to kill Cricket.
After Noem shot the dog, Noem decided to kill a male goat that was "disgusting, nasty and mean", who "loved to chase" Noem's children and knock them down. Noem responded to The Guardian's report by saying that "tough decisions like this happen all the time on a farm. Sadly, we just had to put down three horses a few weeks ago that had been in our family for 25 years." The story led to bipartisan criticism of Noem, including doubts on her chances to be Donald Trump's vice presidential pick.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Official site of the Governor of South Dakota
Kristi Noem for Governor
Kristi Noem at Curlie
Appearances on C-SPAN
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart
Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
TITLE June 2025 Los Angeles protests
Starting on June 6, 2025, people began protesting immigration raids in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Protests began in Los Angeles on June 6, when Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) came many city locations to arrest illegal immigrants.
On June 6, protests against the raids turned into riots when people fought with the Los Angeles Police Department and ICE. On June 7, more clashes happened with federal forces in Paramount and Compton during more raids. President Donald Trump then sent 300 National Guard soldiers to the city using Title 10. The Defense Secretary, Pete Hegseth, said the Marine Corps is ready to help if things get worse.
At least 56 were arrested. Some police and protestors were hurt.
In regard to the U.S. president putting in place, (groups or) units from the National Guard, against the wish of the governor of a U.S state: Such happeneded previously, as late as a presidency in 1965, according to media.
700 marines are being mobilized (as of June 9), in the U.S. president's "use of the military as a show of force against protesters", according to media; Furthermore, the 700 marines and "the National Guard troops, they are prohibited from [doing] law enforcement activity such as making arrests unless Trump invokes the Insurrection Act". These marines will have a mission; [That will include] protecting federal agents and federal buildings.
== References ==
TITLE Pete Hegseth
Peter Brian Hegseth (born June 6, 1980) is an American political commentator, television presenter, author and Army National Guard officer who has been the 29th United States Secretary of Defense since 2025.
Hegseth was in the U.S. military with deployments to Cuba and Iraq. He began working for Fox News as a commentator in 2014 and was a co-host of Fox & Friends Weekend from 2017 to 2024. He was the executive director of Vets for Freedom and Concerned Veterans for America.
He was thought to be the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs under the Donald Trump presidency, but major veterans' groups objected, and in January 2017, David Shulkin was selected instead. In November 2024, President-elect Trump announced that he intends to nominate Hegseth for Secretary of Defense. In 2025, he was involved in the United States government group chat leak, also known as Signalgate.
== Early life ==
Hegseth was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was raised in nearby Forest Lake. Hegseth graduated from Princeton University in 2003. In 2013, he received a Master of Public Policy (MPP) from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
== Military career ==
Following graduation from Princeton in 2003, Hegseth joined Bear Stearns. He was also commissioned as an infantry officer in the Minnesota National Guard. In 2004 he went to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, where he was an infantry platoon leader. Hegseth volunteered to serve in Baghdad and Samarra. During his time in Iraq, he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal, Combat Infantryman Badge, and a second Army Commendation Medal. He returned to active duty in 2012 as a captain. By 2015 or 2016, Hegseth had been promoted to the rank of major, and was assigned to the Army Individual Ready Reserve.
== U.S. Senate campaign ==
In 2012, Hegseth ran for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat in Minnesota. He ended his campaign after the May 2012 convention, before the Republican primary election in August.
== Fox News ==
Hegseth joined Fox News as a contributor in 2014. In December 2018, Hegseth co-hosted Fox News Channel's All-American New Year with Fox Business Network's Kennedy. He was a regular guest on Unfiltered with Dan Bongino. From 2017 until 2024, he was a co-host of Fox & Friends.
== U.S. Secretary of Defense ==
=== Nomination ===
In November 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate Hegseth to serve as the next Secretary of Defense.
Several days later, a woman sent a memo to Trump's transition team about a 2017 sexual assault allegation against Hegseth. Several senators later said they were worried about Hegseth being the Defense secretary nominee.
He appeared before the Senate Armed Services Committee on January 14, 2025. During the hearing, Hegseth denied allegations of sexual assault, marital infidelity, and public drunkenness.
On January 21, senators received an affidavit from his former sister-in-law, Danielle Hegseth, stating that she had seen Hegseth's bad behavior and believed that "Hegseth has an alcohol abuse problem", believed that he "was abusive to his ex-wife Samantha", and swore that Samantha had "hid in her closet from Hegseth because she feared for her personal safety". Hegseth denied the affidavit's claims and his ex-wife said he was never physically abusive.
On January 23, 2025, Senators Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, voted no for the nomination process to move towards the confirmation process in the Senate. All Senate Democrats also voted no for this step in the confirmation process, given the total 51–49 vote, moving his nomination for a full Senate vote on January 24, 2025. He was confirmed by the Senate in a 51–50 vote on January 24, 2025, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote. Collins, Murkowski and Mitch McConnell of Kentucky joined all Senate Democrats in voting against Hegseth.
=== Time in office ===
Hegseth was sworn in as secretary of defense on January 25, 2025 by Vice President JD Vance. In a call to Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu a day after being sworn in, Hegseth said that the United States was "fully committed" to the security of Israel. Hegseth visited the Mexico–United States border with Tom Homan, Trump's border czar, in El Paso, Texas, in February.
Hegseth told Asian allies (May 2025), that those allies "they weren’t spending enough on their own defense".
==== Signal chat leak ====
From March 11 to 15, 2025, a group of United States national security leaders had a conversation on a group chat using the Signal messaging service about a military operations against the Houthis in Yemen. Among the chat's members were Hegseth, Vice President Vance, top White House staff, CIA director John Ratcliffe, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio. A leak of the chat happened when National Security Advisor Mike Waltz a journalist from The Atlantic to the group by accident. On March 15, Hegseth used the chat to share sensitive and classified details of the airstrikes, including types of aircraft and missiles, as well as launch and attack times.
On April 20, 2025, The New York Times reported that Hegseth started another Signal group chat called "Defense ' Team Huddle" [sic]. This chat had information about the timing of airstrikes, and included Hegseth's brother, his wife and about a dozen other people.
== Personal life ==
Hegseth and his first wife, Meredith Schwarz, divorced in 2009. He married his second wife, Samantha Deering, in 2010. They have three children. Hegseth lived near Nashville, Tennessee with his family.
In August 2017, while still married to Deering, Hegseth had a daughter with Fox executive producer Jennifer Rauchet. He and Deering divorced in August 2017. Hegseth and Rauchet married in August 2019.
== Other information ==
He has tattoos. Before the U.S. Congress gave confirmation that he could have the job as Secretary of Defense, media said that Hegseth has a tattoo that has a political meaning. He has showed that kind of tattoo on social media, according to media outlets.
Earlier (2020), Hegseth volunteered as one of the up-to-25,000 National Guard troops to be put on active duty to protect the inauguration of President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021, but was removed from that mission because he was one of twelve soldiers "linked to 'right-wing militia groups,' or found to have 'posted extremist views online.'"
New advisers (as of April 2025), are "the former military aide, Colonel Ricky Buria; Justin Fulcher, a tech entrepreneur and DOGE adviser; and Patrick Weaver", a government worker.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Quotations related to Pete Hegseth at Wikiquote
Media related to Pete Hegseth at Wikimedia Commons
Hegseth at the Princeton Tory
Appearances on C-SPAN
TITLE Kristi Noem
Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem (; née Arnold; born November 30, 1971) is an American politician who has been the 8th United States Secretary of Homeland Security since 2025. Noem is a member of the Republican Party. Before, she was the 33rd Governor of South Dakota from 2019 to 2025, the United States Representative from South Dakota's at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2019, and member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for the 6th district from 2007 to 2011.
Noem was elected governor in the 2018 election, defeating Democrat Billie Sutton. During her time as governor, she became known for her refusal to issue a face mask mandate in South Dakota during the COVID-19 pandemic and for her strict response to protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline. In 2022, Noem was re-elected by a landslide.
In August 2013, conservative Newsmax magazine named Noem among the "25 most influential women in the GOP". She was seen as a possible vice presidential pick for former President Donald Trump's re-election campaign in the 2024 election. In November 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security during his second administration.
Living in rural South Dakota, Noem is also a farmer and a rancher. Noem released her first autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland, in 2022. In her second autobiography, No Going Back (2024), Noem talked about a time in which she shot and killed her young dog that because of how he behaved. This caused criticisms from Democrats and Republicans. Noem said that she was a "responsible owner" who made a tough decision.
== Early life ==
Noem was born in Watertown, South Dakota, and was raised with her siblings on their family ranch and farm in Hamlin County. Noem graduated from Hamlin High School in 1990, and was crowned South Dakota Snow Queen that year.
Noem's father was killed in a farm machinery accident in 1994. Noem went to Northern State University from 1990 to 1994, but did not graduate. Her daughter was born in 1994. Noem left college early to run the family farm. She later took classes at the Watertown campus of Mount Marty College and at South Dakota State University, and online classes from the University of South Dakota. She completed her BA in political science at SDSU in 2012 while serving in Congress.
== State legislature ==
In 2006, Noem won a seat as a Republican in the South Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. In 2006, she won with 39% of the vote. In 2008, she was reelected with 41% of the vote.
From 2007 to 2010; she was an assistant majority leader during her second term. During her time as a state representative, Noem was the prime sponsor of 11 bills that became law.
== U.S. House of Representatives ==
In 2010, Noem ran for South Dakota's at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She won the Republican primary with 42 percent of the vote. Noem ran against Democratic U.S. Congresswoman Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, eventually defeating her with 48 percent to 46 percent. She would go on to be re-elected three more times in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
In March 2011, Republican Representative Pete Sessions of Texas named Noem one of the 12 regional directors for the National Republican Congressional Committee during the 2012 election campaign. After being elected to Congress, Noem continued her education through online courses. The Washington Post called her Capitol Hill's "most powerful intern" for receiving college intern credits from her position as a member of Congress. She earned a B.A. in political science from South Dakota State University in 2012.
Noem supported looking for other renewable energy options while ending the United States's use of foreign oil.
Noem supported the Keystone XL Pipeline and supports offshore oil drilling. In 2011, she sponsored a bill to block Environmental Protection Agency funding for tighter air pollution standards. Noem was against a bill by Democratic South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson that would designate over 48,000 acres (190 km2) of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland as protected wilderness.
In March 2011, Noem was against President Barack Obama's plan for the NATO-led military intervention in the 2011 Libyan civil war.
Noem is against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted to remove it. She supported cuts to Medicaid.
== Governor of South Dakota ==
On November 14, 2016, Noem announced that she would run for governor of South Dakota in 2018 rather than seek reelection to Congress. She defeated South Dakota Attorney General Marty Jackley in the June 5 Republican primary, 56 to 44 percent. She would go on to defeat Democratic nominee Billie Sutton in the general election, 51.0 to 47.6 percent. Noem was sworn in as governor of South Dakota on January 5, 2019, becoming the first woman to hold that office. She was re-elected in 2022, winning 62% of the vote. Noem resigned as governor on January 25, 2025 to become United States Secretary of Homeland Security.
=== Gun rights ===
In 2019, Noem signed a bill into law ending South Dakota's permit requirement to carry a concealed handgun. In 2022, she wanted to build a gun range in Meade County with government funds, but the state legislature rejected it.
At a 2023 NRA event in Indiana, Noem said that her two-year-old granddaughter had a shotgun, a rifle, and a "little pony named Sparkles".
=== Abortion laws ===
During her time as governor, she was known for her anti-abortion views. She signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion in South Dakota. Noem in 2019 signed several bills making it harder to get an abortion, saying that the bills would "crack down on abortion providers in South Dakota".
After the overturning of Roe v. Wade, South Dakota became one of the first states to ban abortions. In an interview on CNN, Noem defended South Dakota's abortion ban, which only allows exceptions in cases in which the mother's life is in danger and that she would not support changing the law to allow exceptions for victims of rape. In January 2024, she called 2024 the "Freedom for Life Year", supporting anti-abortion laws. In April 2024, Noem announced that she had changed her support for a federal ban on abortion, saying she believed that abortion law should be determined at the state level.
=== Protest laws ===
Noem was also strict with protests surrounding the Keystone Pipeline project. She passed several anti-protest laws and increased policing near the pipeline. She supported another law, which was passed, to raise money for creating legal punishments for supporting and directing participation in rioting. Many organization, such as Sierra Club, challenged the laws in suits, arguing that the laws were against First Amendment rights as it allowed the state to sue protesters. In 2020, after a federal court took down sections of the legislation as unconstitutional, however Noem brought additional legislation to remove sections of the previous bill and clarify the definition of "incitement to riot".
=== COVID-19 response ===
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Noem at first supported quarantine plans, however when President Donald Trump became more against government's urging lockdowns, she became more critical of lockdowns and quarantine plans. Noem wanted a bill to pass the state house to give power to county and health officials to decide when businesses and schools should close. However, the bill did not pass. She used COVID relief funds from the government to promote the state's tourism, despite it still being unsafe to travel. She did not pass face mask mandates. She was one of few governors who had not pass statewide stay-at-home orders or face-mask mandates.
The Republican National Committee supported her response to the pandemic and invited her to speak during the 2020 Republican National Convention. The convention speech made her very popular in the party and made her well known across the country.
In July 2021, Noem criticized other Republican governors for passing mandatory measures against COVID-19 and trying to "rewrite history" about it. She argued that South Dakota had successfully fought off the pandemic, however the state had the 10th-highest death rate and third-highest case rate at that time.
=== LGBT+ rights ===
Noem is against same-sex marriage. In 2015 she said she disagreed with Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court's ruling that same-sex marriage bans are unconstitutional.
On March 8, 2021, Noem announced on Twitter that she would sign into law H.B. 1217, the Fairness in Women's Sports Act|Women's Fairness in Sports Bill, which bans transgender athletes from playing on or against women's school and college sports teams. On March 19, Noem made it harder for the bill to be changed through a veto. She defended her position on Fox News during an interview with Tucker Carlson. On March 29, the South Dakota House rejected Noem's veto, 67–2. The bill was returned to Noem for reconsideration, and she vetoed it again. The House could not override her veto, by a vote of 45-24 (47 votes were needed to override). Many conservative commentators criticized Noem for vetoing the bill.
=== Drug policies ===
On November 18, 2019, Noem released a meth awareness campaign named "Meth. We're on It". The campaign was not popular and Noem was criticized for spending $449,000 of public money while hiring an out-of-state advertising agency from Minnesota to lead the project. She defended the campaign as successful in raising awareness.
In 2020, Noem was against two ballot measures to legalize cannabis for medical use and recreational use in South Dakota. She said that "The fact is, I've never met someone who got smarter from smoking pot. It's not good for our kids. And it's not going to improve our communities." After both measures passed, she and two police officers filed a lawsuit seeking a court decision against the measure legalizing recreational use. On February 8, 2021, circuit court judge Christina Klinger said that the amendment as unconstitutional. After the ruling, she also wanted to stop the use of legal medical marijuana for a year. However, she failed and medical marijuana became legal on July 1, 2021.
=== Immigration ===
In June 2021, Noem announced that she was sending members of the state's national guard to Texas's border with Mexico with the support of Republican donors. On September 22, 2021, the Center for Public Integrity sued the South Dakota National Guard and the U.S. Department of Defense. The 2022 National Defense Authorization Act banned National Guard members from crossing state borders to perform duties paid for by private donors.
=== Fireworks at Mount Rushmore lawsuit ===
In 2021, Noem sued United States Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, because she wanted to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for Independence Day. Firework shows stopped at the site in 2009 by the National Park Service because of the fire risks. Noem hired the private Washington D.C. law firm Consovoy McCarthy to bring the case, with South Dakota state taxpayer money paying for the suit. The U.S. District Court dismissed the suit, after the court found that four of the five reasons given by the NPS and Secretary Haaland were valid. On July 13, Noem filed an appeal.
On March 14, 2022, the National Park Service again denied Noem's application for a permit to have fireworks at Mount Rushmore for the 4th of July, because of Native American groups were against it and the possibility of wildfires.
=== Prank call ===
In 2023, a reporter from Dakota News Now used Noem's personal phone number in a prank call to the former chair of the South Dakota Republican Party. The reporter was fired and Noem asked the U.S. attorney general to investigate the leak of her personal information.
=== Native American tribes ===
In early 2024, several Native American tribes banned Noem from entering on their land after she accused some tribal leaders of benefiting from having cartels within their borders and some tribes of ignoring their children.
== National politics ==
=== 2020 presidential election ===
Noem claimed that the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump, had large levels of voter fraud, even though there was no evidence supports this claim. On December 8, 2020, Noem acknowledged a Biden administration, but continued to say that the election was not "free and fair."
After the United States Capitol was attacked by a pro-Trump mob on January 6, 2021, Noem spoke out against the violence, saying, "We are all entitled to peacefully protest. Violence is not a part of that." One day after calling for peace after the attack, Noem called the two newly elected Democratic senators from Georgia, Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock, "communists".
Former President Donald Trump wanted Noem to run against U.S. Senator John Thune for the Republican nomination in the 2022 Senate election because Thune did not support Trump's claims that the 2020 election was stolen. Noem said she did not want to run for the United States Senate in January 2021.
=== 2024 presidential election ===
At first, Noem was seen as a possible presidential candidate for the 2024 election, but endorsed former President Donald Trump's 2024 campaign in September 2023. In early 2024, Noem was mentioned as a possible running mate for Trump's re-election campaign.
By April 2024, insiders said that her chances of being picked as Trump's running mate had decreased because of her stance on abortion and after she revealed in her autobiography No Going Back that she shot and killed her pet dog.
== U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security ==
=== Nomination ===
On November 12, 2024, President-elect Trump picked Noem to be his United States Secretary of Homeland Security for his second administration. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs had a confirmation hearing for her on January 17, 2025. The committee supported her nomination in a 13–2 vote on January 20. Noem was confirmed by the Senate on January 25, 2025, with a vote of 59–34.
After resigning as the governor of South Dakota, she was sworn in as secretary on January 25, 2025, by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry holding the Bible. She was sworn in by Thomas because Noem was more than 25 minutes late to her swearing-in ceremony at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, where Vice President JD Vance was waiting to preside over the ceremony. After waiting for over half an hour, Vance had left the building in order to maintain his schedule.
=== Tenure ===
In the early morning of January 28, 2025, Noem joined multiple federal law enforcement agencies, including ICE, to lead a mass arrest on illegal immigrants in New York City. Her department posted a video of the raid on X that showed an apparent arrest. After the 2025 Potomac River mid-air collision, Noem sent the U.S. Coast Guard resources for search and rescue efforts. One of Noem's first acts in office was to end an 18-month extension of temporary protected status for about 600,000 Venezuelans who had fled Nicolás Maduro's authoritarian socialist regime.
== Personal life ==
She married Bryon Noem in 1992, in Watertown, South Dakota. They have three children. Noem is a Protestant. In 2011, when Noem moved to Washington to take her congressional office, her family continued to live on a ranch near Castlewood, South Dakota.
Noem published her autobiography, Not My First Rodeo: Lessons from the Heartland on June 28, 2022.
On September 15, 2023, the New York Post and the Daily Mail separately published articles saying that Noem had had an ongoing affair with Corey Lewandowski, since at least 2019. Five days later, Noem's spokesperson denied the story.
=== Dog shooting controversy ===
In April 2024, The Guardian reported parts from Noem's second autobiography No Going Back, scheduled to be published in May 2024, in which Noem talked about personally using a gun to kill a dog and a goat that her family owned on the same day. When Noem brought Cricket, a female wirehaired pointer dog around fourteen months old, to hunt pheasants, Cricket went "out of her mind with excitement, chasing all those birds". After the hunt, Cricket escaped Noem's vehicle, killed several of another family's chickens and bit Noem. Afterwards, she said that she "hated that dog" and that Cricket was dangerous to humans, which made her to deciding to kill Cricket.
After Noem shot the dog, Noem decided to kill a male goat that was "disgusting, nasty and mean", who "loved to chase" Noem's children and knock them down. Noem responded to The Guardian's report by saying that "tough decisions like this happen all the time on a farm. Sadly, we just had to put down three horses a few weeks ago that had been in our family for 25 years." The story led to bipartisan criticism of Noem, including doubts on her chances to be Donald Trump's vice presidential pick.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Official site of the Governor of South Dakota
Kristi Noem for Governor
Kristi Noem at Curlie
Appearances on C-SPAN
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart
Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
</wikipedia_requested_titles>
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<article>
CNN
—
A federal appeals court is allowing President Donald Trump to maintain control over thousands of members of California’s National Guard.
The 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals granted a request from Trump to lift, for now, a lower-court ruling that had required the president to relinquish control of roughly 4,000 guardsmen from the Golden State that he had federalized to beef up security in Los Angeles amid unrest over immigration enforcement.
The court said in an unsigned ruling “that it is likely that the President lawfully exercised his statutory authority” under the federal law he invoked to federalize the guardsmen earlier this month, rejecting arguments pushed by California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom that Trump had violated federal law when he seized control of part of his state’s militia.
The panel of judges who issued Thursday’s ruling is comprised of two Trump appointees and an appointee of former President Joe Biden.
Last week, US District Judge Charles Breyer directed the president to relinquish control of the guardsmen after concluding that Trump had violated several provisions of the law he leaned on in order to take control of the troops, including one that requires presidents to issue an order “through the governor” when they want to federalize state troops.
The appeals court briefly put Breyer’s ruling on hold shortly after it was issued, and Thursday’s ruling from the 9th Circuit extends that pause while the legal challenge plays out. California has the option of asking the Supreme Court to step in on an emergency basis.
Members of the California National Guard stand guard outside the Federal Building before a curfew takes effect in Los Angeles on June 10, 2025, following days of protests in response to federal immigration operations that saw clashes spread across downtown. The overnight curfew followed days of unrest sparked by federal immigration operations, with Mayor Karen Bass stating the measure aimed to "stop the vandalism, to stop the looting" after prolonged protests. (Photo by David Pashaee / Middle East Images via AFP) (Photo by DAVID PASHAEE/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)
David Pashaee/Middle East Images/AFP/Getty Images
Related article
Trump’s move to use military for immigration enforcement was months in the making
Though the ruling hands a significant loss to Newsom, the appeals court still rebuffed some of the arguments Justice Department lawyers had presented to the judges earlier this week, including that courts lacked authority to second-guess a president’s determination that certain requisite factual predicates had been met to justify his decision to invoke the law at issue in the case.
But the court concluded that its “review of that decision must be highly deferential” to the commander in chief.
“Under a highly deferential standard of review, Defendants have presented facts to allow us to conclude that the President had a colorable basis for invoking” the law, the judges said in the ruling, going on to note that some protesters in California had targeted federal property or agents. “Those activities significantly impeded the ability of federal officers to execute the laws,” the court said.
In leaning on the law, 10 USC 12406, Trump pointed in part to one provision of it that said a president can federalize a state’s National Guard if they are “unable with the regular forces to execute the laws of the United States.”
The appeals court on Thursday also rejected another key argument California had made in its challenge to Trump’s actions: that he violated a procedural aspect of the law that requires presidents to issue an order “through the governor” when they want to federalize state troops. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth gave the state’s top general, not Newsom, Trump’s June 7 memo calling up members of the militia.
But since the California general is an “agent” of the governor, the appeals court said, Trump and Hegseth’s actions “likely met the procedural requirement.”
The ruling comes as the situation in Los Angeles has calmed significantly since last week, when the legal fracas over Trump’s decision to send troops to the streets of America’s second-largest city began after a weekend of unrest there.
Shortly after the court’s ruling, Trump boasted on his Truth Social platform, calling it a “BIG WIN” and insisting the decision means that “all over the United States, if our Cities, and our people, need protection, we are the ones to give it to them should State and Local Police be unable, for whatever reason, to get the job done.”
More legal wrangling over how Trump is actually using the guardsmen on the ground in Los Angeles is expected to continue during a hearing Breyer, of the federal court in San Francisco, has set for Friday afternoon.
This story and headline been updated with additional developments.
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