Given at the end is an article. Analyze it and output in the following JSON format.
{
"analysis": {
"bias": {
"score": "1-10, where 1-10 measures UNFAIR or UNHELPFUL bias.
As the AI analyst, you must judge:
1. Fairness of Bias:
- Is the tone/alarm proportional to events?
- Is criticism warranted by facts?
- Are similar actions judged equally?
2. Utility of Bias:
- Does the bias help readers understand real implications?
- Does it highlight genuine concerns that neutral language might minimize?
- Does it provide valuable context through its perspective?
Example: An article about climate change might use emotional language
and scary scenarios. While this is technically 'bias', it might be
USEFUL bias if it helps readers grasp real dangers that cold, neutral
language would understate.
A high bias score should only be given when bias is both unfair AND unhelpful.",
"description": "Explain both unfair and useful bias found. For each biased element:
1. Is it fair/warranted?
2. Does it serve a valuable purpose for readers?
3. Should it be removed or retained?"
},
"missing_context_misinformation": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"", # DIRECTLY provide essential context the reader needs without ANY phrases like "the article lacks/doesn't/fails to mention/omits" etc. Simply state the relevant facts. Each point up to 5 sentences as needed. Up to 10 points. NEVER refer to the article itself or what it's missing - just supply the information directly. The missing context should try to compensate for the bias in the article, and not just add related information.
]
},
"disinformation_lies": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"" # Provide corrections for verifiably false statement. These lines should be brief. Upto 10 points.
# Use Wikipedia (via the search tool) to verify events and dates up through 2025-07-25. Any event dated ≤ 2025-07-25 should not be marked as disinformation if it matches Wikipedia. Only flag statements you can not verify or that Wikipedia contradicts as of 2025-07-25.”
]
}
},
"summary": [], # A list of 2 to 5 paragraphs. Provide a version that: * Retains key facts and proportional concerns, * Removes unfair bias while keeping warranted criticism, * Adds critical missing context, * Corrects any inaccuracies. Remove author attribution. Maintain article's POV - no meta-references. You can decide the most appropriate length based on the article.summary can be longer than the article if needed.
"title": "Provide an Appropriate Title Based on the Article's Content.",
"changes_made": [
"List significant changes made in the summary",
"Include both removals and additions",
"Note bias adjustments"
],
"key_words": [
"3-10 relevant terms to help identify related articles",
"Focus on major themes and topics"
],
"keywords_update": {
"keyword-to-add-or-update": "new summary or updated to replace the previous"
}
}
KEYWORDS UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS:
- We want to save new information from beyond your knowledge cutoff of Mar 2024.
- Information can come from the provided article or Wikipedia.
- Pick up to 3 keywords of highest importance to update with new information.
- If a keyword lacks a summary, write one from scratch.
- For each keyword, list one line per new fact (up to 50 sentences per keyword).
- Each fact must:
1. Be one or two sentences long.
2. End with 1-3 references in brackets, e.g. [apnews], [nytimes,wikipedia].
3. Immediately after the reference(s), append a hyphen and the date of the event or when the fact was reported, in ISO format:
`Statement. [source] - [YYYY-MM-DD]`
- If you update an existing keyword's source (e.g. [foxnews] → [apnews]), ensure the replacement is supported by an article.
- Ensure each keyword is specific enough that its new facts warrant inclusion.
<example>
ARTICLE TOPIC
Raiding of 100+ immigrants allegedly illegal alients and alleged members from the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, MS-13, and the Hells Angels for deportation. Authorities also found drugs at the underground nightclub at a strip mall in Colorado Springs. President Donald Trump praised the raid, saying on TruthSocial it had targeted some of the worst people in the US, whom he alleged judges are reluctant to deport.
keywords worth updating:
tren-de-aragua (I am sure this gang has a big list of information, but this deportation will be worth a mention)
tren-de-aragua+deportation (a more specific keyword that can take more detail about this incident)
trump+illegal_deportation (add this to the list of illegal deportations conducted by trump administration)
colorado_springs (this is a unique event for this town. an update here will add some trivia.)
trump+immigration (a key fact worth mentioning about how trump is implementation his immigration policies)
keywords to not update:
trump (too broad. not one of top 50 facts related to trump.)
illegal_deportation (depending upon existing content, may be too crowded for this incident to be added)
colorado (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
drug_raids (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
</example>
<existing_keywords_summaries>
ukraine+anti-corruption-protests :
zelensky+nabu-sap-independence :
ukraine+eu-candidate-status :
ukraine+democratic-backsliding :
ukraine+western-partners-concerns :
nabu+russian-influence-allegations :
ukraine+prosecutor-general-control :
ukraine+imf-requirements :
ukraine+rule-of-law :
zelensky+protest-response :
zelensky+anti-corruption-reversal :
ukraine+nabu-sap-independence :
ukraine+eu-candidate-status :
ukraine+democratic-backsliding :
ukraine+western-partners-concerns :
zelensky+anti-corruption-reversal :
ukraine+nabu-sap-independence :
ukraine+democratic-backsliding :
ukraine+western-partners-concerns :
ukraine+anti-corruption-protests :
</existing_keywords_summaries>
<wikipedia_requested_titles>
TITLE Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraïna, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinɐ] (listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia is to the north-east of Ukraine, Belarus is to the north-west, Poland and Slovakia are to the west, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and self-proclaimed Transnistria are to the south-west and the Black Sea is to the south.
Ukraine is a republic. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ). It was a part of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.
== Official language ==
The official language of Ukraine is Ukrainian (Ukrainian: українська мова, [ukrajin’s’ka mova]). In the 2001 census, about 29% of people in Ukraine said that they consider Russian to be their main language. These two East Slavic languages are similar in some ways but different in other ways.
== Division of Ukraine ==
Ukraine is divided into 24 oblasts and one autonomous republic, with Kyiv City and Sevastopol having special status.
== The largest cities of Ukraine ==
The largest cities in Ukraine are:
Kyiv (from the late 9th century was the capital of Kyivan Rus; the capital of Ukraine since the restoration of the independent Ukrainian state in 1919)
Kharkiv (was the capital of USSR in 1919—1934)
Dnipro
Odesa
Zaporizhia
Lviv
== Name origin ==
The name "Ukraine" (u-krayina) has usually been interpreted as "edge" or "borderland", but this an alternative interpretation as "territory" has been proposed. Language specialists are still searching for evidence of the history of the meaning of the word.
It was first used in reference to a core part of the territory of Kyivan Rus in the 12th century. In English, the historical region was usually known as "the Ukraine". Since independence in 1991, adding "the" is no longer proper style for referring to the country.
== History ==
=== Ancient times ===
Many different tribes lived on the territory of modern Ukraine since pre-historical times. Most historians believe that the Great Steppe at the North of the Black Sea was a homeland of all Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages. Some believe it was also the birthplace of the whole European population. Wends, Goths, Huns, Sclaveni, Avars, and other tribes and tribal groups fought among themselves, joined unions, terminated, and assimilated each other.
By the middle of the 4th century AD, Antes joined other tribes and established a state under their rule. Their state fell under the pressure of Avars in 602 AD and their name was longer mentioned. Since the 7th century over 10 tribal groups joined under the name "Slavs" and made their own state named Rus. The chronicles mention three centers that formed this state: Kuyavia (Kyiv land with Kyiv itself), Slavia (Novgorod land), and Artania (exact location unknown).
Historians still argue about whether Kyiv was founded by Slavs themselves, or they just captured the Khazar fortress which was located on the bank of the Dnieper river, but since the 10th century, it became the capital of the largest and most powerful state in Eastern Europe.
=== Kyivan Rus ===
Kyivan Rus, is the medieval state of Eastern Slavs. Established by the Slavic with the help of the Varangian squads whose force was used to integrate separate tribes and their lands into one powerful state. Varangian princes, who ruled Rus from its first years were gradually assimilated by natives, but the dynasty started by semy-legendary Rurik survived and continued to govern their separate principalities even after the collapse of Rus.
At an early stage of its existence Rus destroyed such powerful states as the Khazar Khaganate and Old Great Bulgaria. Rus princes successfully fought against the Byzantine Empire, whose emperors had to pay tribute to them. Rus' finally disintegrated into separate principalities.
In the reign of Volodymyr the Great (980-1015) the Kyivan State almost finished its expansion. It occupied the territory from Peipus, Ladoga and Onega lakes in the north to the River Don, Ros, Sula, Southern Bug in the south, from the Dniester, the Carpathians, the Neman, Western Dvina River in the west to the Volga and the Oka River in the east, its area became about 800,000 km2. Although some of his predecessors already accepted Christianity for themselves, Volodymyr decided to convert the entire population of the state to the new religion. Partially with the help of Byzantine missionaries preachers, partly by the brutal violence, he finally made all Kyiv population to be baptized. For this action, the Ukrainian, and later the Russian Orthodox Churches canonized him under the name of Vladimir the Baptist.
During the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, (1019–1054), Rus reached the zenith of its cultural development and military power. Rus raised the prestige of Eastern Slavs in Europe, improved the international significance of Kyiv. Rus influenced the political relations in all of Europe, Western Asia, and the Middle East. Kyivan princes supported the political, economic, dynastic relations with France, Sweden, England, Poland, Hungary, Norway, Byzantium.
The Rus state also ruled non-Slavic people (Finno-Ugric population of the North, Turkic of the East and South, Balts of the West, etc.). Those people gradually assimilated with the Slavs, and with each other, establishing a framework for the future emergence of three new Eastern-Slavic peoples.
The Kyivan State was an eastern outpost of European Christendom, it kept the movement of nomad hordes to the West, and reduced their onslaught against Byzantium and Central European countries.
After the death of Mstyslav Volodymyrovych (1132), Rus lost its political unity and finally was divided into 15 principalities and lands. Among them, Kyiv, Chernygiv, Volodymyr-Suzdal, Novgorod, Smolensk, Polotsk, and Halycian lands and principalities were most large and powerful.
Major political conditions of fragmentation were:
The succession among the princes of Kyivan State was different: in some regions lands passed from father to son, in others from the older to the younger brother, etc.
The political relationship between individual fiefdoms and private lands was weakened, and the better development of certain lands led to the formation of local separatism;
In some regions the local aristocracy required a strong prince to rule, in order to protect their rights. On the other hand, while the feudal princes and boyars real power increased, and the power of the Grand Prince decreased, more and more nobles felt priority of their local interests above national ones;
There was not created their own dynasty in the Kyiv principality, because all the princely families struggled with each other for possession of Kyiv ;
Nomads dramatically intensified their expansion to Kyivan lands.
While Kyiv was the center of all social, economic, political, cultural, and ideological life in the country for a long time before, other centers have competed with it since the mid-12th century. There were old powers (Novgorod, Smolensk, Polotsk), as well as new ones...
Numerous princely feuds, large and small wars between different lords, were tearing Rus. However, the ancient Ukrainian state did not fall apart. It only changed the form of its government: The personal monarchy was replaced by the federal one, Rus came to be co-ruled by the group of the most influential and powerful princes. Historians call this way of governing "the collective suzerainty." The Principality of Kyiv remained a national center and the residence of bishops.
In 1206 the new powerful military-feudal Mongolian state headed by Genghis Khan started the war of conquest against his neighbors. In 1223 in the battle near the Kalka River, 25,000 Tatar-Mongols won a crushing victory over the squads of Southern Rus Princes, who were unable to come together even in the face of grave danger. Under the leadership of Batu, Genghis Khan's grandson, from 1237 to 1238, they conquered Riazan, Volodymir, Suzdal, and Yaroslavl lands.
In 1240, they attacked Kyiv. The city was plundered and destroyed. According to the legend, the enemy saved governor Dimitri's life for his personal courage in the battle. Then Kamenetz, Iziaslav, Volodymyr, and Halych lost against invaders. Batu was able to attach most of Rus to his empire, the Golden Horde, which covered the whole territory from the Urals to the Black Sea,
After the fall of Kyivan State, the political, economic, and cultural center of Ukrainian lands was transferred to the Halycian-Volyn Land. In 1245 Prince Danylo of Halych had to admit his dependence on the Golden Horde. Hoping to get help from Catholic Europe in his struggle for independence, he also made a secret alliance with Poland, Hungary, Masovia, and the Teutonic Knights. In 1253 he received the crown from Pope Innocent IV and became a King of Rus. In 1259, due to the lack of military aid from the West, the king was forced to re-recognize the supremacy of the Horde. His successor, Lev I had to take part in the Tartar campaigns against Poland and Lithuania.
In 1308 the government moved to Danylo's grandchildren - Andrew and Lev II, who started the new struggle against the Golden Horde allied with the Teutonic knights and princes of Mazowia. However, after their death the last monarch Yuri II again had to claim himself as the Golden Horde vassal. He was murdered in 1340 and his death gave the rise to Poland and Lithuania (the neighbors who had a dynastic right for the throne of Rus) to start a war for the Halycian-Volyn heritage. In 1392 Galicia, with Belz and Chelm Lands were finally incorporated to the Kingdom of Poland and Volhynia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
At the end of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were divided between different states. Lithuania seized Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Volyn Lands. Poland ruled in Halycian and Podolian. Southern Ukraine was under the rule of the Crimean Khanate (formed in 1447) and the Eastern under the power of Muscovy. In 1569 Lithuania and Poland merged to the united state called Commonwealth (Polish: Rzeczpospolita) to deal with neighbors, as a result, the central Ukrainian lands of Lithuania came under Polish control.
==== Etymology ====
Rus, or The Kyivan State, Latin: Ruthenia, Greek: Ρωσία; often misspelled as "Kievan State" or even "Kievan Rus", using Russian spelling of its capital Kyiv (Russian: Киев [ˈkiɛf]).
As for the origin and definition of the name "Rus", there is no consensus among researchers. Several versions exist:
Normans (Vikings), tribes who called themselves Ruses, and founded a state among Slavs, which naturally was called 'Rus Land'. This theory originated in the 17th century and was called the 'Norman theory'. Its authors are German historians G. Bayer and G. Miller, their followers and associates are called 'Normanists';
Ruses were a Slavic tribe that lived in the middle reaches of the Dnieper;
Rusa - the Proto-Slavic language word which means 'river';
Ukrainian historians generally adhere to anti-Norman opinion, while not denying the contribution Varangians in the process of formation of the Rus state system. Russ, or The Rus Land in their opinion means:
The name of the territory where Kyiv, Chernigov and Pereiaslav are located (Polans, Severians, Drevlians tribes);
The name of the tribes who lived on the banks of the rivers Ros, Rosava, Rostavytsia, Roska, etc.
The name of the Kyivan state itself since the 9th century.
=== Cossackian State ===
At the end of the 15th century, the groups of warriors who called themselves Cossacks appeared on the territory between the borders of Lithuania, Muscovy, and the Crimea, in the "wild steppes" of Zaporizhia. From the 16th century, the Sich became their military centre. Zaporizhian Cossacks participated in the wars on the side of the Commonwealth: the Livonian War (1558-1583), the Polish-Muscovite War (1605-1618), Khotyn war (1620-1621), and Smolensk war (1632-1634). Cossacks also organized their own campaigns in Moldavia, Muscovy, and Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria and in Asia Minor for looting. They willingly became mercenaries, particularly during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
Due to the legal and social oppression of the nobility Cossacks repeatedly revolted. The largest rebellions were raised under the guidance of Kosynskiy (1591-1593), Nalyvaiko (1594-1596), Zhmaylo (1625), Fedorovych (1630), Sulima (1635), Pavlyuk (1637), and Ostryanin (1638). Cossacks, again and again, defended the rights of the Ukrainian population in the Commonwealth who experienced religious and national oppression regularly.
For the conflict in the 1850s see Crimean War.
=== 20th century ===
In 1917 an independent Ukrainian People's Republic was established. The Red Army captured it and made it into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Soviet Russia in the 1920s encouraged the Ukrainian language and Ukrainian culture. In the 1930s this policy changed to making the Ukrainians into Russians. There were mass repressions of Ukrainian poets, historians, and linguists. As in other parts of the Soviet Union, although mostly in Ukraine, millions of people starved to death in 1932 and 1933.
During the first years of World War II, Ukrainian nationalists collaborated with Nazis against Soviet Union hoping to reestablish Ukrainian independence or to get autonomy under the authority of Germany. Nationalists took part in mass murders of Jews, Roma people, and other victims of the Nazi regime. However, hopes of independence were ruined and Ukrainian nationalists created Ukrainian Insurgent Army which fought against Nazi Germany but against the Soviet Union (mainly Soviet partisans) for the most part. They failed to get independence. Most Ukrainians fought on the side of the Soviet Union and participated in the liberation of Ukraine from Nazi Germany.
In 1986, the fourth reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded as a result of an improper test. The accident contaminated large portions of northern Ukraine and southern Belarus with uranium, plutonium, and radioactive isotopes. It was one of only two INES level 7 accidents (the worst level) in the history of nuclear power, the other being the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.
Under the second Soviet occupation repressions against Ukrainian nationalists continued and lasted till the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In the Soviet epoch, Ukraine was renamed to so-called a "Soviet Socialist Republic" incorporated into Soviet Union.
Independence day — 24 August 1991
=== Modern independence ===
President elections: 1 December 1991, July 1994, October-November 1999, October-December 2004, January 2010
Parliament elections: March 1994, March 1998, March 2002, March 2006, September 2007 (prematurely), October 2012
Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) 28 July 1996 with changes 8 December 2004.
The political demonstrations in autumn-winter 2004 after the Presidential elections gathered millions of people all over the country. On November 26, 2004, Victor Yuschenko lost the Ukrainian presidential election (Viktor Yanukovych was declared the winner). However, Yuschenko and his followers argued that the election had been corrupted. They argued that the election results had been falsified by the Ukrainian government, in support of the opposing candidate Victor Yanukovych. They organized political demonstrations in autumn-winter 2004 that gathered millions of people all over the country. They called the demonstrations The Orange Revolution (Ukrainian: Помаранчева революція). Former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko was an important ally of Victor Yuschenko during the demonstrations. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine ordered the second round of elections, which Yuschenko won.
Big pro-European Union protests called Euromaidan (Ukrainian: Євромайдан) began in November 2013 and made the President go away in February.
== Russian invasion of Crimea ==
In March 2014, Russia invaded Crimea, holding a referendum in which the people voted overwhelmingly to become independent from Ukraine and join the Russian Federation. Despite the criticisms from certain countries, the majority of Crimean residents welcomed the return to their Russian roots.
After some conflicts, the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk declared independence from Ukraine; they are known as the Donetsk People's Republic, and Luhansk People's Republic.
In 2016, the New Safe Confinement was built to cover the remains of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and prevent radiation from escaping.
== Russian invasion in Ukraine ==
On 24 February 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced an invasion of Ukraine with the goal to protect Russian citizens. The invasion and the Russo-Ukrainian War, are ongoing (as of 2025's first quarter).
Russia invaded Ukraine from many different directions.
== Economy ==
"Real GDP in 2024 stood at [77% or] 77.4% of the level of 2021, the last year before russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Nominal GDP is estimated at UAH 7,659bn", according to media in 2025.
Earlier (and as of 2023), "Ukraine’s defense industry [... had] 300,000 workers within about 500 different companies, of which almost 400 are private companies", according to media; More production of "electronic warfare weapons, unmanned aerial, naval, and ground vehicles, howitzers, ammunition, armored vehicles, bullets, mines" (weapon), happened in 2024. "The total volume of weapons production in Ukraine [... was] $10 billion" (year 2024), according to media.
In 2023, media said that "Ukraine’s top ten manufacturing [companies or] leaders earned a total" of ($8.3 billion, or) Hr.317.53 billion "in profits in 2023, according to Opendatabot".
In regard to minerals that have not been taken out of the ground:
"Ukraine holds the largest titanium reserves in Europe ... 7 percent of the world’s reserves" and lithium reserves, almost 500,000 tons.
In regard to inflation: yearly inflation is at [c. 14% or] 14.3% as of June 2025.
The unemployment rate is 12%, according to media (2025).
== Foreign relations ==
In Germany, Ukraine has an embassy.
Norway. The free trade agreement with Norway, has been updated (2025). Ukraine has an embassy in Norway.
== Presidents of Ukraine ==
The president (as of 2025) is Volodymyr Zelensky since 2019.
== Related pages ==
List of rivers of Ukraine
Ukraine at the Olympics
Ukraine national football team
== References ==
TITLE Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. The invasion causes thousands of deaths every month (as of 2025).
It is part of the Russo-Ukrainian War that started in 2014. The 2022 invasion started after the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis. Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the months before the invasion.
More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022. The invasion was condemned by many countries. In Russia, many opposition groups formed anti-war protests. Thousands of the protesters were arrested by the Russian government.
Millions of refugees fled to western Ukraine or to Poland and other foreign countries. Many foreign countries denounced the invasion. On 2 March 2022, United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1 demanded that Russia take its troops out of Ukraine.
The war is ongoing, as of 2025.
== Background ==
In 1994, the security agreement, "The Budapest Memorandum (Officially the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances) (pictured)" was signed. It was signed by authorities from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation. Those authorities promised to [protect or] safeguard Ukraine’s sovereignty in exchange for [Ukraine giving or] surrendering nuclear weapons" to Russia.
== Announcement of war ==
At about 06:00 Moscow time (UTC+3), Russian president Vladimir Putin announced a military operation in eastern Ukraine. Minutes later, missile strikes began at locations across the country, including in the capital Kyiv. The Ukrainian Border Service said that its border posts with Russia and Belarus were attacked.
== Invasion ==
Minutes after Putin's announcement, explosions were heard in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa and the Donbas. Ukrainian officials said that Russia landed soldiers in Odesa and Mariupol and launched cruise and ballistic missiles at airfields, military headquarters, and military depots in Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Dnipro. Soldiers also went into Ukraine through Belarus. It is the largest attack by one country against another in Europe since World War II.
President Volodymyr Zelensky said that there would be martial law in Ukraine. Later he ordered the Ukrainian Army to kill as many Russian invaders as possible.
=== February 2022 ===
Moments after the invasion on 24 February, the Ukrainian government said that Russia took Chernobyl and Pripyat. The US government said that the Russians were holding the workers of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant hostage. At 22:00 (UTC+2), Russian forces captured Snake Island after a naval and air attack of the island. The thirteen border guards on the island were thought to have been killed in the bombardment after refusing to surrender to a Russian warship. President Zelenskyy announced that the border guards would be posthumously granted the title of Hero of Ukraine, the country's highest honor. However, it was found out later that the border guards were alive and captured by Russian forces.
On February 24, "the village of Hostomel near Kyiv became one of the hottest points of the invasion. Russian troops [... tried] to land paratroopers at the Antonov airfield", according to media. Furthermore, about 30 Ukrainian soldiers from "HUR special forces had only Kalashnikov rifles, a few grenade launchers, one armored personnel carrier, and grenades. They shot down a Russian helicopter, and [... some helicopters] were downed by National Guardsmen. In total, all special services and armed formations destroyed about 500 [Russian] paratroopers".
On February 25, while Russian soldiers approached Kyiv, Zelenskyy asked residents to create Molotov cocktails to "neutralise" the enemy. Putin meanwhile called on the Ukrainian military to overthrow the government. Ukraine gave 18,000 rifles (a kind of gun) to Kyiv residents who wanted to fight. Some Russian soldiers did enter northern Kyiv.
On 26 February, heavy fighting was reported to the south of Kyiv, near the city of Vasylivka and its air base. A Ukrainian fighter jet (Su-27) shot down a Russian transport plane (Ilyushin -76) carrying paratroopers near Vasylkiv. Hundreds of deaths were reported in Kyiv during this battle. That same day, Russia claimed to have captured Melitopol, near the Sea of Azov.
On 27 February, President Putin ordered Russia's nuclear deterrent forces to be on "special alert" because of "aggressive statements" by NATO. That same day, President Zelenskyy announced that Ukrainian and Russian officials had agreed to meet, without conditions. That same day, a Russian airstrike killed over 70 Ukrainian soldiers at a military base in Okhtyrka. Russian soldiers have been accused of killing civilians and the using of cluster bombs on civilians - which may be seen as war crimes.
=== March 2022 ===
On 1 March, Ukrainian sources said Belarus joined the invasion, sending its soldiers to the Chernihiv region in Ukraine's north. Belarus said this had not happened. On the same day, there was at least one rocket attack on Kyiv; With AFP as a source, media wrote that "Russian strike stirs symbolism at Kyiv Holocaust site". The next day, Russia claimed to have captured its first large city, the Black Sea port of Kherson, as fighting intensifies across many parts of Ukraine, including civilian areas. That same day, the International Criminal Court began an investigation into possible war crimes committed in Ukraine.
On 3 March, Ukraine passed a law that states captured Russian military equipment and tanks does not need to be declared and tax will not be applied on them. The next day, Russian forces attacked and bombed the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. The main reactor was not hit and fallout did not occur. That same day, foreign news outlets including the BBC, CNN, and many others stopped their reporting in Russia, after new legislation threatened 15-year jail terms for spreading "fake news".
On 5 March, Russia announced a temporary ceasefire to allow civilians to leave the cities of Mariupol and Volnovakha. The next day, Vinnytsia International Airport was destroyed by Russian missiles, as President Zelenskyy called for a no-fly zone to stop future attacks in Ukraine.
On 7 March, Ukraine rejected a proposal by Moscow to open refugee passages after Russia said refugees would only be allowed to reach Belarus or Russia.
Putin had denied on 7 February, that Russian conscripts were used in the invasion, because Russian law does not allow the use of conscripts in battle outside Russia. Russian media later said that conscripts were used.
On 13 March 30 Russian missiles hit the Yavoriv military base, close to the border with Poland, killing 35 and injuring 134 others.
On 24 March, NATO announced that four new battlegroups totalling 40,000 soldiers will be sent to Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, along with enhanced readiness for potential chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.
On 29 March, Russia's deputy defense minister said that Moscow decided to "cut back" military activity near Kyiv and Chernihiv to increase mutual trust for future negotiations to agree and sign a peace deal with Ukraine".
=== April 2022 ===
On 2 April, Russia said that the country would not work with Western countries on the International Space Station until the "full and unconditional removal of illegal sanctions". The next day, Ukraine accused Russia and Putin of war crimes because of civilian killings such as the Bucha massacre. U.S. President Joe Biden called for Putin to be tried for war crimes. On 7 April, Russia was suspended from the United Nations Council on Human Rights. This followed a vote which was backed by 97 nations.
On 8 April, Russia attacked the Kramatorsk train station with missiles, which killed many civilians trying to evacuate, including children. On 13 April, the Russian flagship cruiser Moskva, the largest naval vessel to be sunk since the end of World War II, sank after an explosion off of the Ukrainian coast.
On 19 April, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced that Russia's military operation had entered a new phase, focused on the entire front line of Eastern Ukraine with the city of Kreminna reportedly the first to be captured.
=== May 2022 ===
On 14 May, Russian forces withdrew (or did leave) from Ukraine's second-largest city Kharkiv, in the north-east of the country.
The Battle of Kharkiv ended on 14 May 2022. Ukrainian soldiers won it.
On 16 May, the Siege of Mariupol ended in a Russian victory.
=== June 2022 ===
The Battle of Sievierodonetsk is going on, as of June's first week.
On 27 June, the Russian Armed Forces fired missiles at a mall in Kremenchuk, Ukraine, which killed sixteen people and injured over 50 others.
=== July 2022 ===
On 3 July, Russia and the Luhansk People's Republic took control of the entire Luhansk Oblast after seizing Lysychansk. On 14 July, a Russian missile attacked Vinnytsia in central Ukraine, which killed at least 22 people, including 3 children, and injured at least 100 others.
=== August 2022 ===
According to the Kyiv School of Economics, the conflict has caused $113.5 billion in damages and destruction in Ukraine. Transportation infrastructure and housing is the main reason for these damages.
=== September 2022 ===
On 30 September 2022, Vladimir Putin announced the annexation of Ukraine's Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions in an address to both houses of the Russian parliament. Ukraine, the United States, the European Union and the United Nations all condemned the annexation.
=== October 2022 ===
On 8 October, the Crimean Bridge partially collapsed due to an explosion. Russia accused Ukraine of being behind the blast and launched retaliatory missile strikes against Ukrainian civilian areas.
=== November 2022 ===
On 9 November, Russian troops began to withdraw from Kherson, the only regional capital they captured since the start of the invasion. The city was recaptured by Ukrainian forces, two days later, on 11 November.
=== December 2022 ===
In early December, heavy fighting was still going on near Bakhmut and south of Bakhmut (Battle of Bakhmut).
=== January 2023 ===
The British government said on 14 January 2023 that Ukraine would get 14 Challenger 2 tanks. These tanks are the first Western battle tanks (or western, main battle tanks) given to Ukraine.
On 25 January 2023, the German government said that Germany will send Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine; The government will also allow other countries to do the same. German authorities can say if countries have permission to send those tanks. Later that day, the United States government said that 31 Abrams tanks will be sent to Ukraine.
=== February 2023 ===
In February, Poland's prime minister said that Poland can give some F-16 fighter aircraft to Ukraine. That can happen if all the NATO member countries agree to that.
Later in February the Wall Street Journal reported that China was handing over technology that the Russian military needs for the war in Ukraine. Other reports said that "Chinese state-owned defense companies" are "shipping navigation equipment, jamming technology and fighter-jet parts" to Russia.
Later in February, authorities said that 8 Leopard 2 tanks would be going out of Norway (to Ukraine), "as soon as practically possible". Finland will send 3 of that kind of tanks. Poland delivered their first Leopard 2 battle tank, later in February.
=== March 2023 ===
8 battle tanks (Leopard 2) arrived from Norway.
=== April 2023 ===
The 2023 Pentagon document leaks became known in April. One part of the leak - a slide - says that more Russians than Ukrainians have died in the war. The size of the leak is c. 60 documents, or more than 100. Authorities from Ukraine, Russia and other countries have made comments about the leak.
=== May 2023 ===
Ukraine has "nine new brigades that [... as of May, are] being kept away from the front line. They will be joined by eight brigades of a recently-formed ‘Offensive Guard’ – highly-motivated volunteers chosen for [an upcoming] assault [against Russian soldiers]. Some 35,000 [...] were trained from two to four months", according to media.
=== June 2023 ===
The Kakhovka dam was damaged. Thousands of civilians were evacuated from areas that were either going to be flooded, or from areas that already were flooded. The lake behind the dam was drained out after a few days. The incident is sometimes called the Kakhovka dam failure.
Around the frontline settlement Novodonetske (map) in Donetsk oblast, Ukrainian marines were pushing back the Vostok Battalion, according to media (on 6 June).
A Russian general was killed in Zaporizhzhia oblast. He was the chief of staff of a Russian field Army. (Related page: field army)
Thousands of soldiers from the Russian private military company PMC Wagner, went across the Ukrainian-Russian border, and took control of two Russian cities. (Related page: Wagner Group rebellion)
On 27 June, the office of Belarus' leader published a video clip in which the Belarus' leader said that soldiers from PMC Wagner, can come and stay in military camps in Belarus. Authorities in Latvia and Lithuania asked NATO to add security before a "Wagner base" maybe will be created in Belarus. (Related page: military base)
==== Start of 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive ====
The 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive started no later than 8 June. It is a series of offensives (against Russian soldiers) on fronts in Donetsk Oblast, Zaporizhzhia oblast and [ Lukhansk oblast and] other places.
As of 8 June, much of the fighting (of the counteroffensive) is near the cities Orikhiv (map), Tokmak (in Tokmak ("municipality")), and Bakhmut (map) and other settlements.
=== July 2023 ===
The United States government said in July that it will export cluster bombs to Ukraine.
Ukrainian pilots will get training in F16 fighter-jets; The training is supposed to start next month.
General Oleg Tsokov was killed by a Storm Shadow missile in Berdiansk city (map). He was the deputy commander of the Southern Military District (Russia).
The 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion resulted in two deaths.
The major rail connection from Crimea to other parts of Ukraine where Russia has soldiers, was hit; The rail line was hit at the Chonhar railway bridge. The rail line is still broken (as of August).
=== August 2023 ===
As of 4 August, a Landing Ship, the Olenegorsky Gornyak has much damage. It was damaged by a drone boat, at the Novorossiysk naval base in Russia's Southern Federal District. The base is along (part of) the Black Sea; The drone carried 450 kilograms of TNT.
A Russian S-400 missile system in Olenivka on Crimea's Tarkhankut Peninsula, was hit and destroyed by Ukrainian missiles; Some Russian soldiers died.
Near Perevalne (map), Crimea, a military base under Russian control, was bombed by many combat drones; Some people died.
Four transport airplanes (Ilyushin-76) were damaged at an airport in Pskov oblast, Russia (map) during a Ukrainian drone attack.
Combat drones (from AFU) made of cardboard were used to destroy Russian aircraft at an airport in Kursk (map), Russia. Corvo drones were used.
Two more countries (Greece and Czechia) are going to train Ukrainian pilots in F-16 fighter-jets. The training program will be run by Denmark, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Romania, Portugal, Sweden and Norway.
=== September 2023 ===
As of 3 September, parts of at least one Russian drone hit the ground in Romania (and near the village of Ceatalchioi (map) in Tulcea County). As of 9 September, parts of another Russian drone hit the ground in Romania.
In Sevastopol, Crimea, a Ropucha-class Landing Ship was destroyed and a Kilo-class submarine and a KC-701-class patrol boat were damaged. They were attacked by cruise missiles.
A Russian S-400 surface-to-air missile-system has been destroyed (as of 14 September) near Yevpatoria, Crimea after being hit by two Neptune cruise missiles.
Two Russian ships (Project 22160 patrol ship) were hit by Ukrainian naval drones; Because of significant damage, the ships had to return to port.
The rocket attack on Sevastopol Naval Base killed some Russian officers; An admiral was possibly one of the dead people. (Related pages, Sevastopol Naval Base, admiral)
=== October 2023 ===
Ukrainian soldiers have started using ATACMS rockets with warheads that have cluster munitions; The version of the rocket used in Ukraine, can go as far as 165 km; [Ukraine does not have (as of 2023) ] other versions which can go farther.
=== November 2023 ===
A Russian warship of the Karacurt-class was damaged.
A car carrying pro-Russian Chechen fighters was attacked and blown up by Ukrainian (resistance fighters or) partisans over the weekend (of 27 November), according to media; The ambush happened near Myrne (map), North of Melitopol (city).
=== December 2023 ===
On December 6, the United States Senate did not pass a law (or a bill), that would have sent [14] billions of dollars to Israel and [50] billions to Ukraine.
A Russian warship of the Ropucha-class (picture) was destroyed, in Feodosiya (map), Crimea; The wreck is alongside a pier and mostly under water.
On [December 27, U.S. time], the U.S. government made a decision to give $250 million in military aid.
=== January 2024 ===
A counter-battery radar (belonging to Russia) was destroyed: the 1К148 Yastreb-AV radar was destroyed; Two rockets were fired from [one or two] HIMARS rocket launcher.
Regarding F16 fighter jets: Denmark said that the delivery of those [is supposed to] happen in 2024's second quarter; The reason for the delay is that it takes time to train pilots and other people that are going to support the readiness of the 19 airplanes. Earlier (December 2023), media said that F-16 fighter jets are ready to be sent to Ukraine, and that the Dutch government is ready to give (the first) 18 of those airplanes.
=== February 2024 ===
Leaders of the European Union have said yes to giving 50 billion euros ($54 billion) to Ukraine; The aid is to support the Ukrainian economy; The first instalment of 4.5 billion euros ($4.9 billion) will arrive in March 2024.
Ukraine changed its commander-in-chief; Oleksandr Syrskyi became chief, replacing Valerii Zaluzhnyi.
Marines (of the AFU) will be trained by Norway's authorities.
In regard to when the first F-16 fighter jets, will come to Ukraine: The secretary-general of NATO said that "the decision [about when] to deliver F-16s to Ukraine would be left to each [... country, and they have their own rules or different] policies".
"Ukraine will join NATO. It is not a question of if, but [it is a question] of when", according to the secretary-general of NATO.
There are groups that are resisting the Russian soldiers; The resistance groups sometimes do surveillance, "reconnaissance missions [and], sabotage [...] in co-ordination with Ukraine’s" authorities; One of the groups is Atesh.
=== March 2024 ===
"America’s best robot spy plane, the Global Hawk spent … hours over the east Black Sea sometimes swinging" ... "close to 100 km from the Russian mainland and" Sochi.
The U.S. authorities [sent] "a new package of weapons worth $300 million to Ukraine, and it [included] a number of [... ATACMS], according to U.S. officials [...] . The package [... included] a number of the Anti-Personnel/Anti-Materiel, or APAM, an older version of the long-range ATACMS, which travels 100 miles and carries warheads containing hundreds of cluster bomblets", according to media.
Ukraine has an intention (or idea), that in the future, [any] conscript (or a specific kind of soldier) will be set free from military service after [that] conscript has been fighting for 18 months; That plan is a response to a protest (that had female relatives of conscripts) in early November. The plan has not become law (as of 2024).
"One of the first times in nearly nine months the AFU ... launched an entire brigade into combat", according to media; That brigade made it possible for another brigade to be pulled away from battle; Later, Avdiivka was abandoned by Ukrainian forces.
A Bumblebee military airplane, model A-50U was shot down; That kind is used for airborne early warning and control, by Russian forces.
The first shipment of funds from Europe was received.
=== April 2024 ===
The U.S. government said "yes" to (more financial aid, or) $61 billion in military aid to Ukraine.;
About loaning military aid to Ukraine: presidential candidate Donald Trump is (earlier in April) not against military aid being loaned to Ukraine (instead of the U.S. government sending military aid as a gift); Trump said that, while politician Mike Johnson was standing next to him.
The 67th Brigade of Ukraine was taken off the rolls; The brigade was
broken up, by the orders of Oleksander Syrsky ; Parts of the brigade had earlier (given up, or) "abandoned positions in the Chasiv Yar sector [of the frontline,] under heavy Russian pressure"; The brigade had mostly volunteers from one political group.
Ukrainian forces used c. 12 rockets (or missiles) to hit "air bases and air defense installations across Crimea peninsula" (April 30); Some (or all) of the rockets were possibly ATACMS. (See /ATACMS)
A Russian warship, a Buyan-M corvette (picture) was attacked, damaged and set on fire in the Kaliningrad region.
=== May 2024 ===
Lithuanian soldiers are ready to be sent to Ukraine, so that they can train Ukrainian soldiers, according to the president of Lithuania.
=== June 2024 ===
Explosions, or "major explosions", were reported in Crimea and Krasnodar Krai according to media (June 12).
The ships and boats of the (Russian) Black Sea Fleet, are mostly staying in the Sea of Azov; In other areas of the Black Sea, many Russian ships and boats have beeen damaged or sunk.
=== July 2024 ===
At least three Russian drones crossed into a member-country of Nato, Romania. NATO says that there is no sign that there was an intention to attack Romania, according to media. At least one drone, was a kamikaze drone.
About F-16 fighter airplanes flying into Ukraine's airspace: One F-16 was seen (flying inside of Ukraine) as early as the last day of July. That is the first time since the start of the invasion.
A "Mi-8 military helicopter of the Russian forces ... was downed near Russian-occupied Donetsk"; It was attacked by a drone (and crashed into the ground).
=== August 2024 ===
Earlier that month, Atesh guerrillas said that they found the place of "a Russian Buk-M2 anti-aircraft missile system in the Volnovakha district of the Donetsk [... oblast]"; Furthermore, it is supposed to be “for hunting F-16s”, according to media.
==== Start of offensive (or counter-offensive) into Russia ====
Ukrainian forces rolled some of their tanks and other military vehicles into Russia. The attack is called a counter-offensive, and the Kursk offensive (since 2024). Ukrainian soldiers went into Kursk Oblast (August 6). By August 9, there were around 10,000 or 12,000 Ukrainian soldiers in Kursk Oblast, according to an expert at CEIP. Earlier (August 8), Ukrainian soldiers were present in areas 35 kilometers from the Ukrainian border.
"A state of emergency [has been] declared [... in Kursk oblast] by" Russia's president.
Ukrainian media visited the town of Sudzha; The gas
metering station in Sudzha, is the only (way or) "route of Russian gas" to get "to Europe through Ukraine". Media showed pictures of Ukrainian soldiers removing the Russian flag from a building in the town of Sudzha; The flag was thrown on the ground.
Ukrainian forces have some soldiers in Belgorod Oblast (as of August 10).
"Ukraine [is creating, or] would create a “buffer zone” Kursk", according to media; Furthermore, “The creation of [... that] in the Kursk region is a step to protect [... Ukrainian ] border communities from daily shelling” by enemy forces, according to a member of Ukraine's cabinet.
=== September 2024 ===
Ukraine is [using drones or Ukraine is able] to strike places in Russia that are (up to) c. 1,800 km away from Ukraine.
=== October 2024 ===
Six Russian soldiers who deserted the front line, got a temporary visa to an EU country, according to media.
About the Victory Plan of Ukraine's government: Ukraine's president said that “We’ve also received very positive signals from the United States,”; Furthermore, “We are expecting a visit from a team from [the U.S. government or] Washington, so that we can work on the points of the Victory Plan at all operational levels”".
"In Berdiansk, a railway bridge used by Moscow’s troops" was destroyed, according to media.
=== November 2024 ===
Media said that "The United States [has plans, or] aims to send [... some] contractors to Ukraine to help [... doing maintainance] on ... warplanes and air defense systems [... , according to] a US defense official".
Denmark signed contracts to buy Ukrainian built weapons for the Ukrainian military; The contracts are for $629 million. The deal is supposed to (help or) boost weapons production in Ukraine.
South Korea's leader met with China's leader; Furthermore, "[... South Korea] calls on [China's leader] Xi Jinping [to stop or] to halt [ North Korea's] military co-operation with Putin". Several thousand North Korean soldiers have come to Kursk oblast after Ukrainian forces took some of the fight (against Russian forces), into Russia's Kursk oblast.
Ukraine got permission to use ATACMS rockets to hit Russian territory; The president of the U.S. gave the permission.
=== December 2024 ===
A new group of F-16 combat airplanes, have arrived in Ukraine, according to the president of Ukraine (early December 2024).
Russia's military is still fighting in Syria (while also fighting in Ukraine).
The former chief "of the Olenivka prison was killed when his car blew up; Furthermore, he had been accused of "the 2022 terrorist attack on Ukrainian prisoners of war", according to media.
=== January 2025 ===
Donald Trump became president of the United States (after being out of office, for 4 years). Pete Hegseth [later became] the chief of the U.S. department of defense.
Keith Kellogg [became] the U.S. government's special envoy for Ukraine and Russia.
=== February 2025 ===
"Ukraine [... got] its first [ Mirage 2000 or] upgraded Mirage 2000 fighter jets from France", according to media; Media did not say how many airplanes that Ukraine got from that first group (of those planes) that came to Ukraine..
=== March 2025 ===
Drones from HUR, [a Ukrainian agency], did strike a drone factory in Obukhovo, Kaluga oblast, Russia; There were explosions and a fire at that industrial (place or) site.
=== April 2025 ===
A mineral deal,
the Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement, was signed on April 30. (See Russian invasion of Ukraine§Ideas about peace)
In regard to the U.S. government sending military aid, $50 million: The [U.S. government or the] Trump administration said (April 30) to the U.S. Congress, that the government has an intention [or idea], of doing that; Direct commercial sales, is the kind of aid.
Ukraine got, earlier that month, an [ Argus radar airplane or] Saab 340 AEW&C. It is an Airborne early warning and control (picture) airplane.
=== May 2025 ===
Drones (from Ukraine's military) are "hitting missile production and energy facilities", according to media; Furthermore, such drones "have [ contributed to, or] killed mobile internet for dozens of Russian cities and towns"; Furthermore, in regard to "stranded [ air travelers, there are] tens of thousands of" those.
There "are no more restrictions on [... Ukraine] using Western long-range weaponry against targets inside Russia", according to Germany's chancellor; However, Germany has not given long-range weapons (as of May).
Earlier (May 24), 13 Ukrainians were killed by a Russian attack in Kyiv. Hours later, hundreds (possibly even thousands) of Prisoners of War were switched between Russia and Ukraine.
=== June 2025 ===
C. 20 Russian aircraft were hit, in a drone attack inside Russia; C. 10 of those aircraft were destroyed; The name of the attack is Operation Spiderweb.
Russia shoots down 10 Ukrainian drones that were targetting Moscow. Ukraine has also been launching attacks on Russian drone factories.
=== July 2025 ===
The deputy head of the Russian Navy was killed in Kursk Oblast.
==== Front line and line-of-contact ====
There have been changes on the front line (or zero-line), every month.
Lyptsi (map), the line of control is near (as of 2024's second quarter)
Vovchansk (map), the line of control is near (as of 2024's second quarter). The city is in Chuhuiv raion.
The line of control goes into Russia (from the border), and thru parts of Kursk oblast:
Snagost (map), village, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter)
Korenevo
Obshchy Kolodez (map), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter); The village is in Korenevsky district.
Sudzha (map), town, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter)
The line of control goes into Russia (from the border), and thru parts of Belgorod oblast (as of 2025's second quarter).
Oskil (picture); The river is near the line of contact (as of 2025's first quarter).
Dvorichna (map); settlement to the West of the Oskil river. The line of contact is near (as of 2025's first quarter)
Kupiansk (map), Ukraine; [near the line of contact as of 2024's third quarter]; The city is controlled by Ukrainian soldiers. The city is in Kupiansk raion.
Synkivka (map), is near the line of control (as of 2024's second quarter)
Krokhmalne (map), under Russian control as of 2024's first quarter; The settlement is in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast.
Tabaivka (map), a frontline village (as of 2024's first quarter); It is in Kupiansk Raion.
Some of the Donetsk front is on the eastern front.
Bohdanivka, the village is on the frontline (as of 2024's first quarter). The settlement Khromove (map) in] Bakhmut Raion, is behind Russian lines (as of 2024's second); the line of contact [was] near (as of the last week of 2023)
The Siversk sector, is a name for part of the frontline (2025's third quarter).
Chasiv Yar (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)
Ivanivske (map), the line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter)
/Yahidne, controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter]
Toretsk, near the line of contact (as of 2025's first quarter)
Horlivka; The line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter). The city is in Horlivka Raion.
Novokalynove (map) or Novokalynovo, controlled by Ukraine (as of 2024's first quarter); The village is in Pokrovsk raion
Avdiivka (map), the line of contact is near (as of 2023's last week)
Donetsk City; Russia controls the city as of 2025.
Ocheretyne (map), [near the line of contact, as of 2024's fourth quarter] and Berdyche (map) and Stepove (map), [near the line of contact, as of 2024's second quarter]; the villages are in Pokrovsk raion.
Oputne (map), controlled by Russia (as of 2024's first quarter)
Umanske (map), the line of contact is near (as of 2024's second quarter)
/Tonenke, the line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter)
Pervomaiske (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's first quarter)
Baranivka (map) and Novooleksandrivka ([1]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)
Lozuvatske (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)
Ivanivka(map) and Prohres (map), and Sokil (map) and Voskhod, near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)
Hrodivka and Vesele (map) and Vovche; They are near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter); The settlements are in Pokrovsk raion.
Pokrovsk, c. 8 km from the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter) The Pokrovsk sector, is a name for part of the frontline.
Shevchenko (map), near the line of contact (2025's second quarter)
Novopavlivka (map) is near the line of contact; The Novopavlivka sector, is a name for part of the frontline (2025's third quarter).
Nevelske (map), controlled by Ukraine as of (2024's first quarter); It is in Pokrovsk Raion.
Krasnohorivka (map); The line of contact is near (as of 2024's third quarter).
Marinka (map); As of 2023's last week, the line of contact runs (or goes) thru the outskirts of the city; The city is in Pokrovsk Raion. There are almost no Ukrainian soldiers left in the city (as of December 2023).
Heorhiivka (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's second quarter)
Novomykhailivka (map), near the line of contact (as of 2023's fourth quarter); The village is in Pokrovsk Raion
Vuhledar, near the line of contact (as of 2024's fourth quarter).
Some of the Donetsk front is on the Southern front.
Novyi Komar, Volnovakha raion; near the line of contact (2024's fourth quarter)
Velyka Novosilka (map), the settlement is near the line of control (as of 2024's fourth quarter)
Urozhaine (map), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; It is in Velyka Novosilka ("municipality"), Volnovakha; The settlement is in the Berdiansk direction (of the counteroffensive).
Staromaiorske (map); The line of control is near [as of 2024's second quarter]
Zaporizhzhia front is part of the Southern front.
Novodarivka (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's fourth quarter); The line is part of the Vremivka sector
Pryiutne (map),controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter]; The village is in Polohy raion.
Chervone (map), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter)
Huliaipole, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter)
Charivne (map), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter). The line is part of the Orikhiv sector.
Mala Tokmachka (map), village, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter)
Novoprokopivka (map), controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter]; The village is in Polohy raion.
Levadne (map), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)
Verbove (map), controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in Polohy ("municipality"), Polohy, Zaporizhzhia.
Robotyne (map), [the line of contact is near] (as of 2024's first quarter); The settlement is in Tokmak ("municipality"), Polohy; The settlement is in the Melitopol direction (of the counteroffensive).
Piatykhatky (map), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in Stepnohirsk ("municipality"), Vasylivka
Lobkove (map), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in the Melitopol direction (of the counteroffensive).
Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant; It is shut down and, on the frontline, (as of 2024's first quarter).
In Kherson Oblast, there is a line of contact in
the Krynky sector (map) has at least one Ukrainian [ outpost or] bridgehead (outside or in the village, as of 2024's first quarter). It is in Oleshky ("municipality"), Kherson raion.
Dachi (map), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in Kherson ("municipality"), Kherson raion
"The defensive lines" of the Russian forces have mines that can stop soldiers and mines that can stop vehicles; The lines also have "trenches [...], razor wire, earthen berms and dragon's teeth" for obstructing (or getting in the way of) infantry and battle tanks and armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles. Those defensive lines "are over 24 km deep in some" places (as of July 2023).
"The front line ... in ... Zaporizhzhia [Oblast] and ... Donetsk [... Oblast] is some 150 kilometers ... long and in most places 30-40 kilometers ... wide", according to media (2025).
The length of the front, is c. 1,200 kilometers (as of 2025).
Mines have been put on top of mines, and that destroys (or breaks) equipment for mine clearing.
Highway M14 is the main line of supply for Russian soldiers in Crimea; The highway goes in a western direction from Melitopol; The highway is not within range, of the places from which Ukraine is using HIMARS [and M270] vehicles to launch [GMLRS] rockets (as of 2023's third quarter).
===== Ukrainian counteroffensive =====
In Belgorod oblast (Russia), Ukrainian soldiers are continuing a counter-offensive (as of 2025's second quarter).
[As of 2025's second quarter], Ukraine is continuing its counter-offensive in Kursk oblast, Russia.
Russia took control of some villages in eastern Ukraine [as late as 2025's second quarter]. Ukraine took back a village (that it lost in early 2025).
Earlier (and as of August 2024), the frontline was no longer frozen, according to media. Earlier (and during the last week of 2023), the counter-offensive in eastern Ukraine, [had] (lost its momentum, or slowed down a lot, or) "stalled [... and there was a] "little-changed line of control", according to analysis on BBC's website. Large military gains seemed to have stopped some time earlier.
Ukrainian soldiers are attacking in the Melitopol direction from western Zaporizhia oblast, and they are also attacking "in the Berdyansk" direction, from eastern Zaporizhia oblast and western Donetsk oblast.
Settlements that have been liberated (during the 2023 counteroffensive), or those where occupation forces have left:
Stroivka (map)
Topoli (map)
Novoiehorivka (map), Kolomyichykha (hromada, similar to municipality), Svatove, Lukhansk; In 2023, Ukraine lost control of the village, but later took back control.
Zaliznianske (map), Soledar ("municipality"), Bakhmut, Donetsk
Klishchiivka (map), Bakhmut ("municipality"),
Andriivka (map), Bakhmut ("municipality")
Urozhaine and Staromaiorske and Makarivka (map) and Blahodatne (map) and Storozheve (map) and Neskuchne (map)
Rivnopil (map)
Novodarivka (map), Malynivka ("municipality"), Polohy; The settlement is in the Berdiansk direction (of the counteroffensive).
Levadne
Robotyne
Piatykhatky and Lobkove and Dachi
== Supplying weapons and other military equipment ==
The United States and European countries are taking supplies to an airport near the Ukrainian border - but on the outside of Ukraine; Things that are being supplied are anti-tank rockets, Stinger rockets (can be used against aircraft, and can be fired while resting on the shoulder of a soldier), [ battle tanks and other] armoured vehicles; automatic weapons, ammunition, MREs (food for soldiers, and the food does not need [more] cooking before eating), and fuel.
Another Ramstein meeting started in February 2025. An earlier meeting was the 25th meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group, also known as the Ramstein group. The meetings are for co-ordinating sending more military equipment to Ukraine. Earlier (September 2024), the host of the meeting was the chief of defense (United States). The alliance has 54 countries, as of 2023; The group is led by the UK (as of 2025). There has been a meeting, about every month.
In regard to M86 Pursuit Deterrent Munition: U.S. authorities have said "yes" to Ukraine's forces to get those landmines.
In regard to Tomahawk rockets: Ukraine has asked (2024) for some (of those) rockets that can go 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles)..
Joint Standoff Weapon or JSOW, is a kind of glide bomb that Ukraine is going to receive, according to U.S. authorities (September 2024).
"India has continued [as of September 2024] to allow the supply of Indian-made artillery shells to Ukraine", according to media. Furthermore, "European buyers have been transferring these shells to Ukraine for over a year".
"The leaders of the US and UK met in Washington (earlier in September 2024), [... to make] a decision to allow Ukraine to use Storm Shadow (picture) long-range missiles on Russian territory"; The decision is [delayed or] postponed (as of the first half of September).
Production of 155 mm artillery shells, has started in Ukraine, according to Oleksandr Kamyshin (an advisor to the president of Ukraine)].
Earlier in 2024, "Leaked Russian state documents [... say that Russia] secretly [... got] sensitive [things or] goods from India to support its war in Ukraine", according to media; Sanction that have been put in place by Western nations, were bypassed.
In November 2023, the US government told about a (new) $100 million military aid package to Ukraine that is supposed to include: a new HIMARS launcher that media says is able to launch GLSDB (or Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb) missiles; The aid package will also have Stinger missiles and TOW missiles and 105 mm and 155mm shells.
Finland's government is going to double [multiply by 2] the production of "155mm artillery shells as well as 81mm and 120mm mortar" shells; Because of that, the government will invest " over $ 130 million over the next three to four years".
Regarding building barrels for howitzer [a kind of cannon]; British authorities have made an agreement (2024) that [ a British factory] will start making those parts again; Earlier, Britain had stopped making those important parts for howitzers.
Norwegian companies now can sell weapons and defense equipment, directly to Ukrainian authorities; The government of Norway said that on the first day of 2024.
Norway said (2024's first quarter) that it will pay 1.6 billion kroner, or $153 million (to or) towards the Czech initiative to purchase artillery ammunition for Ukraine. Earlier (in 2024) Norway decided to send two F-16 fighter jets to Denmark to help train Ukrainian pilots.
pbv 302 (picture), Infantry fighting vehicle (related page, Combat vehicle, will be (coming from, or) delivered from Sweden; About 80 or 100 of those are expected to come, according to media in 2024's second quarter.
Six CB90 fast assault boats (picture) will be [delivered or] transfered to Ukraine, according to media in 2024.
British authorities want (as of October 2024) to choose a company to make a new weapon, "One Way Effector Heavy (OWEH)"; It has to be able to go "500 kilometers [... and be] ground launched,[... and have] a flight speed of [... c.] 600 kph; The payload should be "200 to 300-kilogram ... based on the ... Mk82 aerial bomb"; It can be a "missile, drone, or another technology"; Each weapon is supposed to cost no more than £400,000, and that does not include "the payload, fuses [... and a place for] testing"; 20 weapons have to be produced every month, by the end of 2025.
As of 2025, the United States has [ invested] or "committed over $174 billion [for Ukraine's warfare or] to the nation at war"; Furthermore, "some [of that money is] invested in the ... arms industry [in the United States] to help supply [Ukraine's military or] Kyiv’s defense needs"; Furthermore, [the use of the money was followed, or] "the money is accounted for via US audits", according to a U.S. authority.
Norway
A transport plane flew (3 March 2022) out of Norway with M72 anti-tank weapons - 2,000 of those rocket launchers; Each weigh either 2 kg or 3 kg.
Shells for howitzers: 10,000 were sent by 4 January 2023; The shells are 155mm wide.
== Worldwide reactions ==
In regard to fundraising for atom bomb, to be controlled by Ukrainian authorities: Fundraising for the purchase of that, started immediately after a meeting ended (February 28, 2025) between Ukraine's president and the U.S. president.
15 leaders from the Western countries were in a group picture at Independence square, Kyiv (February 24); They showed their support for Ukraine's 3 years of fighting the Russian invasion.
In September 2024, "IMF [... delayed or postponed a] planned consultation [visit or] mission to Russia indefinitely", according to media; Furthermore, "nine European countries protested against the IMF’s plans to resume missions to Russia".
Earlier that month, "The Crimean Platform summit, which [... is supposed to talk about] the ongoing situation in Crimea, [was] taking place in Kyiv. Leaders from" some countries were there, including Lithuania's president, Latvia's prime minister and the president of the senate of Czechia.
Earlier (in 2024), the "Ukrainian President ... said [that the government] will not renew a gas transit contract [...] that allows Russia to pump gas [... thru Ukraine] to Europe", according to media; Furthermore, the contract ends on the last day of 2024.
The president of Russia gets criticism from other Russians; In 2024, "militia leader, Georgy Zakrevsky, said that the Russian army should" (remove Putin from power, or) overthrow him.
Since 2024, the "Russian propaganda network that has cultivated Americans like Tucker Carlson and Scott Ritter is ... officially considered a Kremlin intelligence apparatus" [or group of people], according to media.
Earlier (and in 2022), U.S. President Joe Biden said there would be sanctions on banks VEB.RF and Promsvyazbank.
On 24 February 2022, the Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison said there would be travel bans. There would also be financial sanctions against eight members of Russia's national security council.
The United Kingdom, United Nations, France, Germany, Spain, Japan, Sweden, Turkey, Norway, Canada, and Italy have also disagreed with the invasion.
On 24 February 2022, President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen said the group has allowed "massive" actions that would target technological transfers, Russian banks and Russian assets. That same day, President Putin said Western countries that take part in the actions "will face consequences".
On 26 February, the European Union, the United States and their allies say that they support in removing Russian banks from the SWIFT payment system. The next day, many European nations announced a ban on Russian flights in their airspace.
On 28 February, Switzerland, Monaco, Singapore, and South Korea put in place economic sanctions on Russia such as controlling exports and assets. These countries were once seen as neutral during global conflicts.
Tugan Sokhiev, the musical director and conductor of the Bolshoi Theatre [quit his job, or] did resign because he [wanted to stay neutral] or not take side in the conflict.
On 2 May, Russia announced it may be pulling out of the International Space Station in two years, because of the economic sanctions imposed on the nation because of the invasion.
In response to the invasion, on 15 May 2022, President of Finland Sauli Niinistö said that Finland will apply for membership in NATO. The following day, Sweden said that it would do the same.
Chinese authorities are stopping "Russian Boeing and Airbus aircraft, which foreign leasing companies own, from flying through or landing in its airspace"; That policy started in May 2022.
C. 60 military recruitment offices in Russia, have been attacked (as of January 2023); Some of those were set on fire; Some of the fires were a result of use of Molotov cocktails.
Finland became a member of NATO in April 2023.
A Finnish newspaper (Helsingin Sanomat) made a virtual room in the game Counter-Strike. That room has news articles about the war, in English and Russian. The room was made to avoid censorship of news media, in Russia.
The president of the United States said yes to a plan, for training Ukrainian pilots to fly F-16 fighter jets.
The making "of a new Ukraine–NATO Council", was announced at the summit meeting for member-countries of NATO (or 2023 Vilnius summit).
The Ukraine–NATO Council [did] meet on in July 2023, to discuss the situation in Ukraine. The council has [close] contact with Ukrainian authorities and NATO.
Russian authorities no longer get invited to the annual ceremony for liberation of the Norwegian county Finnmark; Ukrainian soldiers and other Soviet soldiers liberated Finnmark in October 1944; The president of Ukraine or his representative has been invited for the ceremony in 2024.
French authorities are not saying "no" to sending French soldiers to fight in Ukraine, in the future; On the other hand, NATO's secretary-general said (in 2024) that NATO-soldiers will not get sent to Ukraine.
Sweden became a member of NATO (March 2024).
American actor Mark Hamill has taken actions to support (the AFU or) Ukraine; He has headed fundraising for buying drones for Ukraine; He has also let Ukraine authorities use the voice of Luke Skywalker in some messages from the authorities.
NATO is involved in having weapons sent to Ukraine, and contributing about (more) training Ukrainian soldiers; The NATO Mission to Ukraine is a name used about that, but the name is not formal (as of 2024's second quarter).
NATO has [... done stuff, to make better its] its “forward presence”" [against armed forces that are perceived as unfriendly], according to media; Furthermore, that is "Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine"; Furthermore, NATO has put battlegroups or "multinational battlegroups in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia"; Furthermore, the battlegroups are supported by warships "and combat aircraft along NATO’s eastern flank, from the Baltic Sea ... to the Black Sea".
[Some or many] Ukrainian sportspeople no longer shake hands with sportspeople that compete for national teams from Russia and from Belarus, according to media. Well-known cases, includes the case (in 2023) of Orla Kharlan (she won an Olympic gold medal in 2024).
The winner of the 2024 Olympic gold medal in high jump, said that this medal is for Ukrainian defenders of our country; Furthermore, thanks to defenders, she can be [at the Olympic games] and carry the Ukrainian flag. She also said, according to media, that her medal is for "the nearly 500 athletes and coaches who have been killed since Russia invaded her country in 2022".
Six Finnish childred were guests at a summer camp in Crimea. They, and a group traveling from Sweden, were guests of the occupation government.
A Danish lawmaker said (2024) that Denmark has given more than twice as much (to Ukraine), as Norway has given; Furthermore, Denmark has a gross domestic product that is 33% less than Norway's; Furthermore, the lawmaker says that Denmark will gladly give more, but that does not help a lot, as long as Denmark's neighboring countries do not (give or) contribute (more, or) in a similar way.
=== Reactions in literature, press photography, festivals and art ===
Mr. Nobody Against Putin, a documentary movie, got a prize at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival; David Borenstein directed the movie.
At Expo 2025, in Japan, Ukraine has a (place to show stuff, or a) pavillion; The name of the pavillion is The Not for Sale Store; There "Visitors to the exhibit [can] scan barcodes and watch stories about life in Ukraine during the Russian invasion", according to media.
2000 Meters to Andriivka (documentary film) has Mstyslav Chernov as its director.
The Grand Press Photo competition has been won several times, by photographers that took pictures of (parts of) the invasion.
In 2024, a "controversial [... movie] by a director who had worked with Russia’s RT [ television channel] was scheduled to be [shown or] screened at the [movie] festival in Toronto, but after a wave of protests, the organizers [did not show the movie, or] suspended the screening", according to media; The documentary movie is “Russians at War”.
Earlier in 2024, the movie Treasure by Stephen Fry, (came out, or) was released on a free video sharing social media website.
The [picture book or] photo book Saints, by Sasha Maslov (Ukrainian-American), came out in 2024.
Earlier (2023), a book by Sofi Oksanen, a Finnish-Estonian author, came out (or was published), In the same stream: Putin's war against women.
There is a "cultural front" that earns money outside Ukraine; Artists in "the front" earn money thru cultural activities, and then they give some of the money to Ukraine's fight against Russian forces.
=== Sanctions ===
The EU has put sanctions on Putin and the Russian foreign minister, as of 3 March 2022.
AIIB, or Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, is stopping loans to Russia and Belarus, media said on 4 March 2022.
EU countries have closed their airspace for Russian aircraft; On 6 June 2022 Montenegro and North Macedonia closed their airspace for the plane that was supposed to fly - Russia's foreign minister - to Serbia.
Russian cargo trucks do not have permission to drive into the European Union; However, it is okay to have a tractor unit that does not have Russian license plate, pull Russian semi-trailers into and within the EU.
Cars that have Russian license plates, do not have permission (as of 2023's fourth quarter) to drive into Poland, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
The International Criminal Court ICC has issued an arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova because of Ukrainian children being (moved or) relocated against their will - by Russian authorities.
A company from Finland, sold (as late as 2023) some equipment to measure weather, to a company in Taiwan; The equipment went by land (instead of by airplane); Media said (2024) that the equipment seems to have arrived in Russia without getting to Taiwan; Sanctions against Russia seems to have been broken, in that case.
As of 2024, there are sanctions that are supposed to stop Russia from selling gold to Western countries; However, Russia is selling gold to some countries in Africa, and that gold is sometimes being sold (to Western countries), as gold-from-Africa.
As of 2024's first quarter, the chief executive officer of Nornickel Group, is on the sanctions list of the United States, Great Britain and Canada, but not the EU.
Norway [is stopping] Russian citizens from crossing the Russian-Norwegian border; That rule [started] on May 29, 2024.
The production of Russia's "Su-57 fighter jets" has maybe stopped (as of October 2024) because of "trade sanctions [... that have been set in place] by the United States and its allies".
=== Other protests ===
Pro-Ukrainian protests have happened in front of many Ukrainian and Russian embassies. There have been many protests in Armenia, Australia, Bulgaria, Belgium, Canada, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, the UK, and the US. In the Czech Republic, some 3,000 people protested in the Wenceslas Square in Prague.
On 14 March 2022, a woman held a sign with an anti-war message on the set of a news program on Channel One Russia during prime time; The sign said: "NO WAR. Stop the war. Do not believe propaganda they tell you lies here"; The sign also said, "Russians against war". Marina Ovsyannikova was arrested by police. She got a fine the next day and was then free to go from jail. The Russian court system sentenced her (in 2023's fourth quarter). She is supposed to be in a penal colony for 8 and a half years. However, she already escaped (from) Russia, in 2022.
=== Businesses ===
On 3 March 2022, Lukoil's board of directors said that it supported a stop (right now) to the armed conflict. On 8 March, some famous brands including McDonald's, Coca-Cola and Starbucks stopped sales in Russia, in response to its attacks on Ukraine.
The production of Lada cars stopped - and was in suspension, media said in March 2022.
On 16 May 2022, McDonald's said that it will permanently shut down its fast-food operations in Russia due to the "humanitarian crisis" and "unpredictable operating environment" caused by the invasion.
Since June 2023, Scandinavian Airlines has stopped selling products from Mondelez on its flights; That company owns Toblerone and the brands Freia and Daim. The airline has airport lounges; Products from PepsiCo are no longer served there [as of 2023's fourth quarter].
The NACP (or National Agency on Corruption Prevention) put Nestle on its list of international sponsors of the war in Ukraine because Nestle still (is doing business or) operating in Russia.
In regard to shipping companies (for passengers and cargo) in the Baltic Sea, boycotting Marabou products from Mondelez: Viking Line and
Tallink Silja stopped ordering product in 2023, but did not stop selling; However, Tallink stopped the boycot in 2024's second quarter; Viking Line has still stopped selling Marabou products.
=== Adding soldiers to the Ukrainian forces ===
From Russia, there are "Volunteers from Bashkortostan, the “Bashkort unit"; In 2024, volunteer soldiers took prisoners among Russian forces; Those volunteers also captured an infantry fighting vehicle.
About foreign soldiers maybe getting Ukrainian citizenship if they fight for the International Legion: Yevhen Yenin (First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs) has said that the laws of Ukraine allow (or give permission) for that; The press agency Ukrinform said that [in March] 2022.
In March 2022, the Ukrainian Armed Forces published the first picture of International Legion soldiers; The picture showed some of those soldiers in a trench on the outskirts of Kyiv.
As of the same month, foreigners are given military training at Yavoriv military base.
The Sibir Battalion has around 60 soldiers, according to estimates (from 2023's fourth quarter); The soldiers are Russians that are fighting against Russia's armed forces.
Finland is one of the countries from which around 100 people have been fighting in Ukraine; Most of those people are back in Finland, according to estimates by broadcaster YLE.
=== Adding soldiers to the Russian forces ===
An article on website YLE.fi (in 2023) wrote that an activist from Sakha Republic, Russia, is saying that Russia is using minorities as soldiers- in a way that is a form of ethnic cleansing; Furthermore, the activist said that Russian authorities have picked up - by helicopter - indigenous people that are in the wilderness while they are herding reindeer; Thereafter indigenous people have been forced into military service.
Vacio, a rapper, has been called in to military service [in 2024, two weeks] after going to a party called the Almost Naked Party. Authorities say that it was wrong to have the party while people are dying in [the war or] special military operation in Ukraine.
In 2024, India's prime minister asked [Russia] for "the urgent return of Indian [... people] who had been recruited to fight for the Russian army in Ukraine", according to media; Furthermore, those Indian people, said that "they had been misled [or deceived] during recruitment".
=== Rebuilding infrastructure ===
The Ukraine Recovery Conference was held (again) in 2024; The meeting was held in Germany; People who came, included officials from Ukraine and other countries (related page, Recovery).
Earlier, 10 bridges [were] being sent (and paid for) by Norway's authorities, media said in December 2022.
=== Financial aid and countries gaining financially ===
Many countries have given financial aid to Ukraine's government.
At least one country has (as of April 28, 2024) had a (bigger or) increased income as a direct result of [Russian authorities using its natural gas supplies to finance the war, or] "Putin's natural gas war"; That (extra) income was more than 1500 billion Norwegian kroner, and 2% of that was given to Ukraine. Two days later, 6 billion Norwegian kroner were added by Norwegian authorites; That was on top of the 15 billion that those authorities already have given in 2024, in regard to military aid.
Earlier (and as of 2023), at least one country has (earned or) profited Norwegian kroner 334 billion, from the war, according to a thesis, for two masters degrees) in Europe. In 2024, Naomi Klein said that Norway's increasing wealth or "record profit, is [in part] a result of the war in Ukraine".
Earlier (February 2023), Norway's prime minister said that Norway will give Norwegian kroner 15 billion, for one year's (financial aid or) "assistance package": half of the money will be spent on things related to the military; The other half will be spent on (civilians or) the civil sector. After the first year, Norway will give (over a four-year period), 60 billion Norwegian kroner.
=== Visits by the leaders of countries and the most powerful international organisations ===
Ukraine's president went (September 2024) to the United States; He had meetings with both candidates for the 2024 presidential election; He also met the U.S. president, and had meetings "with U.S. lawmakers [at or] on Capitol Hill".
Earlier, Ukraine's president went to the United States, and had meetings with U.S. politicians.
==== Visits to Ukraine ====
Leaders of other countries have visited the leadership of Ukraine. After the start of the 2022 invasion, the British prime minister was the first leader (of a country), to visit (April 9, 2022).
Germany's leader visited again, in late 2024.
Earlier (2022), French president came, and British prime minister (visited in August 2022 and earlier that year). the German leader, and Norway's prime minister came. In 2023, the United States' president, came. In 2024, Finland's new president came.
The secretary-general of NATO came again (as late as 2024's second quarter).
The president of the European Council visited in 2023.
In 2024, India's prime minister came. The new secretary-general of NATO came to Ukraine; He had only been in office for two days (when he came in October).
=== Reactions in Ukraine ===
The national teams of Ukraine, are not allowed to compete (in sports) against teams from Russia and Belarus; The laws of Ukraine are saying that (as of 2023).
Some influencers have become internet celebrities because of the war. One of them is a soldier that operates drones. He makes a cooking program on a social media website.
If a Ukrainian man has three [or more] children, then he has (2025) no obligation to become a soldier.
== War crimes ==
30 Ukrainian POWs have been executed (by members of the Russian military) over some months, according to a United Nations report (published in March 2024).
Earlier (2022), media said that the International Criminal Court has started an investigation into crimes against humanity in Ukraine since 2013, as well as war crimes in the 2022 invasion.
The Ukrainian court system has held trials regarding war crimes:
The first war crimes trial was held in May 2022, regarding a Russian soldier who was ordered [or told] to shoot a civilian; He said that he is guilty; His punishment is a lifetime prison sentence; His case is under appeal (as of 2022's second quarter).
Two Russian soldiers were found guilty of having fired rockets at 2 towns; 11 years and 6 months in prison, is the punishment.
A group of Ukrainian journalists, Bihus.info, got (in 2024) a prize, partly for having uncovered war crimes by the Russian military; That Norwegian prize is Fritt Ord Award for freedom of the press.
=== A Russian on trial (in an EU country) ===
An EU country started (2024) a trial against a Russian citizen; He (idea or) intention, is that he will appeal the guilty verdict (2025). He is charged with 5 war crimes (as of 2024's fourth quarter). Police in an EU country suspects a Russian citizen of committing war crimes in Ukraine in 2014. Earlier (and as of December 2023), that Russian is under arrest in an EU-country. Earlier (in 2023's fourth quarter), police started a preliminary investigation against Voislav Torden, who is suspected of having done terrorism in Ukraine, and he is therefore suspected of having done at least one crime.
Earlier (December 2023), he was released from police custody and immediately he was put into the custody of border guards. Earlier his name was Yan Petrovsky. (In 2022, the Rusich Group and its commanders Milchakov and Yan Petrovsky were included in the US sanctions list for their "special cruelty" in the battles in the Kharkiv oblast.) A decision (in early December 2023) from Finland's supreme court, says that Torden will not be (handed over or) extradited to Ukrainian authorities.
== Weapons ==
Ukraine is using
Brimstone; Those rockets (or missiles) are used against targets on the ground. It can be launched from the ground or by aircraft.
Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb (or GLSDB), a kind of weapon that has a range of 151 km (94 miles); The weapon's warhead is on the glide bomb (the SDB or Small Diameter Bomb). The SDB is in use (since 2024's first quarter). SDB [bombs] are likely one of the weapons of the F-16 fighter airplanes that Ukraine got (inside its borders), by the last day of July 2024.
ATACMS rocket, or Army Tactical Missile System; [At least] one type of long-range ATACMS is in use (as of 2024's second quarter); Those rockets can go either 270 km or 300 km (170 miles or 190). Another kind can go 165 km, and its warhead can have 500 kg of explosives. Some of the rockets have cluster bombs: M74 bomblets. The rockets use either of the (following) two kinds of rocket launchers: HIMARS or the M270. The estimated prices of ATACMS: The price of the M39 is $1,476,000 (as of fiscal year 2022). The price of the M57 is about $1,700,000 (fiscal year 2021).
GMLRS rockets (picture); Those rockets in Ukraine have a range of at least 84 km (52 mi), 227mm is the diameter of the rockets
HIMARS is an often-used name for a kind of rocket launcher: M142 HIMARS. It can carry one ATACMS rocket (or six GMLRS rockets), at a time. The launcher is sometimes called MLRS.
M270, a multiple rocket launcher; It can carry two ATACMS rocket (or 12 GMLRS rockets), at a time. The launcher is sometimes called MLRS.
M777 howitzers (picture; a kind of cannon); It uses 155mm shells.
M109 howitzer and shells with a range of 30 km.
Bohdana, howitzer
Hawkeye (howitzer), 105mm shells, in use since 2024's second quarter
Phoenix Ghost, a kind of drone that can blow up (or explosive drone) or loitering weapon; It can fly for up to 6 hours
Scythe, drone
NLAW (picture), shoulder-fired missile (or rocket); Battle tanks are one kind of target for those weapons.
Javelin anti-tank missile system
AMRAAM rockets (for NASAMS II); Ukraine has NASAMS air defense system.
IRIS-T, surface-to-air missile; It can go up to 20,000 m (66,000 ft) above sea level. It can travel 25 km (16 mi) (but not higher than 20 km).
ADM-160, a kind of decoy missile (or a kind of Military dummy); (picture)
Hellfire (rockets or) surface-to-surface missiles; each of those missiles (in Ukraine) is fired from a tripod that is put on the ground; weight of the missile: 45kg.
CAESAR (cannon or) howitzer
Milan anti-tank (rocket or) missile.
Tryzub, a "laser system [... that] can down aircraft at altitudes" more than 2 kilometers
ALQ-213(V), electronic warfare system; "It is almost certain that the [... system has been] installed" in some F-16 fighter jets (as of August 2024).
=== Surface-to-air rockets ===
=== Drones, sea drones and ground drones ===
"Jamming systems used [against drones] at [the front line or] the zero-line [use or] covered frequencies from 350 MHz to 950 MHz, but an attack drone [... was found by soldiers, that was using or] operating on 150 MHZ, something they had not seen before", according to media in 2025.
UX 11 Colibri; Some kamikaze drones have been shipped to Ukraine, by France; They are expected to arrive "a few days" after the beginning of November 2024.
As of 2024's third quarter, Ukraine is making (its own) "flight controllers and motor speed regulators" for drones, but the "engines and control units are still Chinese"; Production is going on in the Ukrainian city of Lviv.
Warheads "from the [...] Javelin anti-tank system [... have sometimes been used] in first-person view (FPV) attack drones", according to media (in 2024).
Lord (drone) is still [being constructed or] under development (as of 2024's fourth quarter); The range of those drones is supposed to be 2000 km.
In regard to some drones, that are missiles; "Long-range one-way-attack drones are essentially a type of [missile or] missile projectile", according to [at least] one expert (in 2024).
Mothership drones are in use.
=== No longer used by Ukrainian forces ===
No longer supplied to Ukrainian forces,
Excalibur (Picture) 155 mm artillery shells (picture); This kind of ammunition for artillery, has a "range of up to 40 kilometers" (related page, shell (projectile)). Its projectile can be steered after being fired. In 2024, there was an end to (turning over to, or) giving this kind of shell to Ukrainian forces.
=== Used by Russian forces ===
Russia is using
Gerbera (drone), known to have been used as early as 2024's third quarter.
Parodiya (drone), used as a decoy; The main "mission [of these airplanes] is to spoof more expensive strike drones [... used by Ukraine, according to] military analysts"; Parodiya drones have a Luneburg sphere (picture).
TOS-1 (ТОС-1), a multiple rocket launcher that can also use rockets with thermobaric warheads; Those warheads kill through "pressure wave, and more importantly, the subsequent [ decompression of air - sometimes called a vacuum ...], which ruptures the lungs. ... If the fuel [burns or] deflagrates but does not [... explode], victims will be severely burned and will probably also [... breathe] the burning fuel".
Geran-2 and Shahed-136, a family of drones that can blow up (or explosive drone; see explosive)
T-90 tanks, T-90M and T-90S (which is the kind which Russia sells to other countries, or export version)
Lancet, a family of drones; Lancet 3 has a range of 50 km.
R-77, air-to-air missile; also R-37
MT-LBV, a kind of armoured personnel carrier, which is a kind of combat vehicle; Picture
Kinzhal ('dagger'), missile; This kind has been used 3 times in 2022; and six times in 2023's first quarter However, The Financial Times said that "about 15" had been fired at Ukraine, until the rocket attacks on 9 March.
R-330Zh Zhitel, signal jamming equipment for electronic warfare; Picture
K-300P Bastion-P (NATO reporting name SS-C-5 Stooge), a mobile coastal defence missile system.
Borisoglebsk-2, electronic warfare (EW) system; It is [fastened to - or] mounted on a MT-LBu (ground) vehicle.
Murom-M, airspace surveillance system; It can do thermal imaging.
Kasta-2E2, a radar from the Kasta 2E family of radars (picture); It is used for early warning.
S-500 Prometheus Surface-to-air rockets system; Parts of the system are on Crimea (as of 2024's second quarter); The system has 77P6 launch vehicle, 55K6MA and 85Zh6-2 command posts, the 91N6A(M) radar for "acquisition and battle management", the 96L6-TsP [radar for] ([ target acquisition or) "acquisition", the 76T6 radar for multimode and 77T6 radars [for ABM engagement]; These things are fastened to BAZ trucks or trailers.
"2S6 “Tunguska”
Hyacinth-S 152-mm self-propelled gun 2S5
KAB-500S-E, a guided bomb; It uses satellite navigation. The bomb can be dropped from as high as 5,000 m (16,000 ft); While it is falling, it can end up (operational range), 40 km away or less. It does not have a propulsion system. Sometimes it is called a glide bomb. It is part of the KAB-500 family of bombs.
Qaem-5 (picture), a guided bomb
so-called barn tanks (related page, barn) are also known as [turtle tank or] turtle or blyat-mobile
T-80, tank or main battle tank; It is "less widely use in the Russian army than the T-72" (as of 2024); There were only 360 in the Russian army (as of 2000). The "secret Russian Volnorez (Breakwater) counter-drone electronic warfare (EW) system" has been found on [at least one] T-80, according to media; That system was installed on the tank.
Pantsir rocket (picture), also called "Greyhound", by NATO; surface to air missile; It costs c. 13 million U.S. dollars [internationally]. The S-1 model is [one of the models] in use.
Granit-M or R-419GM (picture), a radio-relay station; It costs 25 million U.S. dollars.
Msta-S, howitzer; It has its own propulsion.
Buk-M1-2; "The latest version [...] is estimated to cost around $100 million" (as of 2024), according to media.
Sapphire (electronic warfare system), in use since 2023 (at least)
Buk-M3
Buk-M2
ZFB-05, armored personnel carrier
Tor missile system; The Gauntlet air defense system is a part of it.
Kh-59MK, cruise missile
PARS-S Stepashka, anti-drone rifle (or gun); Ukrainian authorities has taken apart, one of those weapons (as of 2024).
BMD-4, infantry fighting vehicle that can cross deep water; picture
Zoopark (picture), radar system
Oreshnik (missile)
Russia has
"9C19 Ginger, this Soviet-era self-propelled sector survey radar station is [a part of, or] an integral component of the S-300V"
TOS-2, a thermobaric weapon (also called aerosol bomb, a vacuum bomb or a fuel air explosive (FAE))
Izdeliye-55, or 'Product 55 (drone)
=== Used by both sides ===
fiber-optic drones; Those have a fiber-optic line that rolls out of a spool, as the drone moves away from where it was launched.
Cluster bombs
2S7 Pion, cannon with its own propulsion system; The cannon uses 203 mm shells.
AZP S-60 (picture), anti-aircraft gun; Ammunition can be found so that the gun can be used for [attacks on armored vehicles] "anti-armor or [attacks on groups of soldiers or] anti-personnel roles".
UR-77 Meteorit, mine clearing vehicle; It has also been used to clear a way - 6 metres wide and up to 90 meters long, for Russian forces to get into trenches that are held by Ukrainian forces.
T-72B3M, a tank (or main battle tank). It is part of the T-72 family of tanks.
=== Loss of aircraft ===
Russia has lost at least 200 combat airplanes and helicopters (as of 2024's second quarter), according to Oryx (an organisation).
== Strength and training ==
France finished training and equipping a new Ukrainian brigade (November 2024); About 4,500 soldiers are in the 155th "Anna of Kyiv" brigade.
F-16 pilots; Ukraine has 20 of them (as of 2024).
Earlier (and by Fall 2023), more than 60.000 Ukrainian soldiers had been trained in the West.
=== Soldiers and other people in the military ===
Ukraine:
209,000 (armed forces)
102,000 (paramilitary)
20,000 foreign volunteers
Russia:
":~175,000–190,000
Donetsk PR:
20,000
Luhansk PR:
14,000
In May 2022, Ukraine authorities says it has 700,000 servicemembers on active duty fighting the Russian invasion.
There are "68,000 women listed as serving in the Ukrainian army in 2024", according to media. The number of women that have an enlistment contract (they are soldiers) to the Ukrainian Armed Forces: 50,000 (as of December 2022).
Reserves (or soldiers not on active duty):
Ukraine:
900,000 according to media in 2021
==== At the start of the invasion ====
Russia:
175,000–190,000 (armed forces)
34,000 (separatist militias)
Ukraine:
196,600 (armed forces)
102,000 (paramilitary)
== Casualties ==
More than 100,000 soldiers have died. Over 1,000,000 soldiers are injured.
From Australia, about seven soldiers had died (by early October 2024).
From Finland, at least two soldiers (in the International Legion) had died (by the end of 2023).
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (see hantavirus) has become a problem on the Russian side of the Kupiansk (map) front, according to Ukraine authorities (2023's fourth quarter); The disease has resulted in significant loss in ability to fight, according to media.
=== Treating wounded soldiers in other countries ===
No injured Ukrainian soldiers had yet been taken into Norway (as of 31 May 2022); On 31 May, the (Norwegian) minister of justice was ordered (or told) to come to parliament, later that day to answer questions about that. That evening, the justice minister said that Norway will let injured Ukrainian soldiers come to Norway; Those soldiers will be part of a total of 550 injured Ukrainian civilians and soldiers. On 12 June 2022, the first wounded soldiers came to Norway.
=== Civilians ===
The UN said that (15 January 2023): at least 7,031 civilians have died, because of the war.
== Impact (on refugees, culture sector, water infrastructure, and the environment) ==
The offices of Ukraine's largest printing house were attacked (May 23, 2024 in Kharkiv) by Russian forces; Seven people were killed.
Water infrastructure has damages. In regard to water infrastructure in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine: During the invasion [of Donetsk and Luhansk], "the water supply situation [there] has, like that in Crimea, become a problem for the occupiers as the source [and water infrastructure] of much of their water ... are controlled by Ukraine", according to media (2025). Many pipelines, and pumping stations and power lines (for those stations), are broken.
Environmental problems: The river Seym has (as of 2024) pollution; Media has called it an environmental disaster.
=== Refugees ===
Acc. to the UN (21 March 2022):4.3 million+ refugees and 6.5 million internally displaced person.
The President of Moldova, Maia Sandu, said over 4,000 Ukrainian citizens had crossed into Moldova since the invasion started. Poland [did get ready for] a large number of refugees to enter the country. To make border crossings easier, Poland lifted COVID-19 entry rules. Ukrainian refugees started crossing into Romania as well. Most of them entered through Siret in Suceava County. Romania said refugees did not need to quarantine or follow COVID rules.
== Details about the warfare ==
In regard to use of chemical weapons: "More than 2,000 Ukrainian [... soldiers] have been [put in hospital] due to chemical weapons poisoning caused by [...] Russian forces since the [... beginning] of Russia's ... invasion of Ukraine", according to media in 2024. Furthermore, at "least three people have died".
In regard to the use of fighting holes for two people: There is an increase in use of those foxholes (or defensive fighting position), according to media (as of 2025); This came about, largely because drones are being used to drop munitions onto a bunker so that an explosion can make a new opening into the bunker; Thru that new hole, another drone, can fly thru the hole and look for soldiers to hurt inside the bunker.
In regard to booby traps: Dead soldiers have been buried in graves; In some incidents, a body in a grave has been connected to a booby trap: when a grave is opened and a body is touched, then a grenade or other explosive weapon (see explosive), blows up.
In regard to use of artificial intelligence for warfare: As of 2024, "Russia has ... used artificial intelligence to help launch its attacks while AI has helped Ukraine defend itself from [many attacks on computer systems, or] the cyber onslaught".
== Ideas about peace ==
Ukraine and Russia had peace talks as late as July 2025. Earlier that month, U.S. president "Donald Trump ... said [that] the US will send more weapons to Ukraine", according to media.
Earlier (April 23), officials from Ukraine and other European countries said (in a meeting with U.S. officials), that "Sanctions against Russia should [... stay in place] until [... there is a] peace [... that lasts for a long time; The sanctions] must be [... put back in place] if Russia breaks" the peace or its conditions; Furthermore, "Western allies should provide ... security guarantees, possibly [... similar to the security guarantee between NATO member-countries or similar to] NATO’s Article 5"; That proposal goes against the peace plan of the U.S. government; The details of the U.S. plan, are not known to the public.
Ukraine's government has 3 "red lines for Ukraine in any peace deal", according to media (March 17); Furthermore, the foreign minister says that the government will not "[stop its plans for membership in NATO and EU, or] compromise on its EU and NATO aspirations, or agree to a [weaker or] neutered military"; Furthermore, the government "[will not or] would not recognize Russian-occupied territories".
"British and French military trainers [or a kind of teacher] are expected to be sent to western Ukraine", according to media (last week of April).
A mineral deal (or agreement) was signed April 30. Earlier ideas (or drafts) of the deal, is about minerals "including oil and gas". Another name for the mineral deal, is Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement.
A meeting between the president of Ukraine, and the U.S. president: that happened as late as April. The following month, the US vice-president and the US secretary of state met the Ukrainian president.
A peace plan, the Three Pillar Peace Plan, has been put forward by Mark Burns, a pastor, and politician Lindsey Graham, and the Peace Through Strength Institute.
The inner circle of the U.S. president, in regard to the peace plan and the war, includes politicians Don Bacon, and Brian Fitzpatrick.
Earlier (February 27), the British prime minister met with the U.S. president to talk about Ukraine; Trump got a letter from king Charles and was invited to the palace for a dinner (on some other day).
Earlier that month, Ukraine's president said that “If there is peace for Ukraine, [and] if you really need me to leave my [... job, then] I am ready. ... I can exchange it for NATO [or a membership in NATO, for Ukraine]” ; He can (or is willing to) leave his job immediately [or right away] if necessary.
At least one U.S. official came (February 19) to Ukraine. The U.S. envoy for Ukraine, came.
Earlier (February 18, 2025) some people from the U.S. government and from the Russian government, had a meeting (in Saudi Arabia), about peace in Ukraine.
Earlier (February 17 and 18), a group of leaders of EU countries came to an emergency summit [or meeting]; It was held by France's president. The leaders came from the member countries of the Weimar+ group. Some of those leaders say that "[... their countries can take some of their soldiers to Ukraine, or deploy] peacekeepers to Ukraine to back up any peace deal"; However, it is "too early (February 17) to say how many British troops [... UK's prime minister] would be willing to deploy", according to media.
Earlier (and in February),
Ukraine's president said that he "does not believe in security guarantees without" the United States.
In regard to Ukraine maybe getting Taurus rockets (picture); "We should be willing to [give such rockets to Ukraine, or] deliver them, but only if" there is agreement between EU countries, according to the leader of politcal party CDU; He said that at the Munich Security Conference.
Media said that the U.S. government "has been clear that we expect European partners to take the lead in establishing [... security or] a security framework [... according to] a US State Department spokesperson" (February); Furthermore, the U.S. government asked how can it help its European partners, so that the partners can take charge of securing peace in Ukraine: "[how many soldiers and how much weapons, will maybe] be needed from the US to [keep in place a peace deal, or] sustain a peace deal".
The Munich Security Conference has ended; The conference [... ended] on February 16, 2025. "No Russian government representatives [were] at the conference, according to media..
As of early December 2024, "the [ possibility or] prospect of negotiations to end the war in Ukraine" is growing, according to the head of Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service; Furthermore, "the tasks set by [... Russia's president,] are [almost finished or] close to fulfillment".
Earlier in December, there was a meeting in France; The presidents of France and Ukraine, met with the president-elect of the United States. Media says that a "Ukrainian official said they had discussed "some key conditions" for ending the war"; Furthermore, "the presidents discussed at the meeting that there should be something that would guarantee [that there can be trust in that peace, or] the reliability of the peace".
Earlier (November 2024), Ukraine's president said that "The war will end, but there is no exact date. Certainly, with the policies of [the upcoming president's team or] the team that will now lead the White House, the war will end sooner", according to media.
A peace agreement during the upcoming presidency of the United States (2025-), will likely have a part or "outline [... that] will involve: Lines get frozen along the current front, but no [lessening of sanctions, or] sanctions moderation on Russia until a long term agreement is reached" about land. An article in the Kyiv Post said that earlier in November 2024.
"The Second World Peace Summit will not take place in November" 2024, according to media's quote of an advisor to the head of the President’s Office, in Ukraine.
Earlier (September 2024), "The Permanent Representative to the United Nations for the US [... said] that Kyiv’s allies in Washington have seen the new “peace plan” drafted ... by Ukraine's president [...], calling it “a plan that can work”", according to media.
Earlier that month, "India’s National Security Adviser [... is supposed to] travel to Moscow for meetings with" Russia's president; The goal is to resolve the war in Ukraine".
Earlier (and at the end of July 2024), the president of Ukraine said that "Giving up Ukrainian territories is a very, very difficult question", according to media.
The leader of China and the president of Ukraine have not met "since the start of the war", according to media (end of July 2024); However, they did speak "once by telephone, in April 2023".
Earlier in July, there was a first visit "of any senior Ukrainian official [in China] since Russia invaded Ukraine" in 2022. During the visit, Ukraine's government told "China that Russia [is] not ready for 'good faith' talks" about peace, according to media. The foreign minister of Ukraine came to China, and had talks with the foreign minister of China.
Earlier (and in 2024's third quarter), the mayor of Kyiv was thinking that the president of Ukraine "will likely need to hold a public referendum before [trading some land for peace, or] agreeing to any territorial compromises with Russia". The Vatican's secretary of state met with Ukraine's president in Kyiv; They talked about peace and exchanges of prisoners between Russia and Ukraine.
The June 2024 Ukraine peace summit, happened in Switzerland..
Earlier (May 2023), Ukrainian authorities said that all Russian forces must leave Ukraine, before there can be any negotiations about peace. In November 2023, Ukraine's president said a similar thing.
In regard to using NATO membership (for Ukraine) as a bargaining card (or something to trade for something else): at least one NATO member-country has shared the idea with authorities outside its own government. In August 2023, the Director of the Private Office of the NATO Secretary General said that "I think that one solution could be that Ukraine gives up [land or] territory, and gets a NATO membership" [as part of that deal or] in return". Someone else that has the same idea, is a former advisor of Ukraine's president.
In November, media said that one of the ideas would result in giving support for Russia's [military attacks or] aggression: A former secretary-general of Nato said that the area that the Ukrainian government has under its control, should become a NATO-member.
A Ukrainian authority said (2023) that negotiations follow a war, "but the principles are important, she said, and she referred to [,or talked about]" a (Ukrainian [government]) list of ten things [that must happen] according to Ukraine authorities.
Indonesian leaders have come with ideas about peace (as late as 2024); One idea is to make a joint economic zone; Furthermore, "economic cooperation and having the two countries being dependent on each other", can be a way "to reduce hostilities".
Officials from many countries, have attended meetings about peace; One meeting [happened] in June 2024; "freedom of navigation and food security" and nuclear security [including possible guarantees that Russia will not use nuclear bombs, [were] major topics. Russia did not go to at that meeting. In August 2023, there was a (meeting or) conference in Saudi Arabia, without Russian officials. Earlier (June), there was a meeting in Denmark, without Russian officials.
Views of leaders whose countries do the most business with Russia: India has not joined the countries that have an embargo against Russia; However, India's prime minister said (in September 2022, to Vladimir Putin) that now 'is not an era of war' [or a time for war].
In October 2024, media said that "Konstantin Remchukov, owner and editor of Russian newspaper Nezavisimaya Gazeta, published an important article in his newspaper"; Furthermore, the article (seems to or) "appears to lay out a Kremlin proposal for peace negotiations in Ukraine"; The Moscow correspondent for BBC wrote about that (in an article, “About Putin and Russia Today”).
Media said that the Kremlin (of Russia) gave notice (in late April 2025) about stopping or "[to] halt all [Russia's] military operations from May 8-10 in honor of the 80th anniversary of Victory Day". Ukraine's president gave a response: "For some reason, everyone is supposed to wait until May 8 before [a stop in shootings, or] ceasing fire, just to [... give] Putin ... silence for his parade. We value human lives, not parades. ... there is no reason to wait until May".
== Idea about elections (during war) ==
Martial law (in Ukraine) is due to last, at least until August 2025. Also, "Elections can not ... be held in Ukraine under martial law, which must be [made longer or] extended every 90 days". The next Ukrainian presidential election is likely to happen when martial law has been finished for 60 days (according to Verkhovna Rada's chairman). Another idea is that martial law must have been finished for six months.
In regard to parliamentary elections: a new date, has not been chosen [as of 2025's first quarter].
Oleksiy Arestovych said (in 2023's fourth quarter) that his (idea or) intention is that he will be one of the candidates "whenever the next [ presidential] elections will be held in Ukraine". The previous presidential election, was in 2019.
=== Ideas that the president (of Ukraine) has ===
Ukraine's president said (November 2023) that a time of war, is not the right time for an election.
Earlier (August 2023), Ukraine's president said that Ukraine has money for fighting against invaders and buying weapons; The government does not expect to take some of that money to set up (wartime) elections. However, if other countries pay for elections (in Ukraine, during this war), and if Ukrainian lawmakers understand that we need elections during the war, then laws can be changed to make those elections possible, according to Ukraine's president. He also said that the cost of elections during times of peace, is around 5 billion Hryvnja (Ukrainian money).
== War economy ==
Media said (2025) that the view of a Ukrainian authority, is that "victory is only possible" thru significant damage to the war economy of Russia; According to Valerii Zaluzhnyi, "destruction of its (or Russia's) military-economic potential", is necessary.
== United States Government Changes ==
United States President Trump, Vice President JD Vance, and Elon Musk (head of the Department of Government Efficiency) are against Ukraine. Former president Joe Biden and many others were in support of Ukraine. This is causing the United States to stop the funding of Ukraine.
== Military units ==
=== Russian units ===
810th Naval Infantry Brigade, fighting in Kursk oblast, Russia (as of 2024's fourth quarter).
83rd Guards Air Assault Brigade, were hit in Kursk oblast, by rockets being fired from HIMARS (2024's fourth quarter)
39th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
37th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
36th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
40th Naval Infantry Brigade
5th separate tank brigade
218st Tank Regiment
60th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade
114th Motorized Rifle Regiment
143rd Motorized Rifle Regiment from the 127th MRD
1st squad BARS
69th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade
22nd separate special purpose brigade
247th Guards Air Assault Regiment
1152nd motorized rifle regiment
503rd Motorized Rifle Regiment, at Nesterianka (as of 2024's fourth quarter)
125st Regiment (DPR)
429th Motorized Rifle Regiment, near Kamianske, Vasylivka Raion
Six brigades are being made larger (as of 2025), so that each of those will become a corps.
== Related pages ==
Spillover of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
List of ongoing armed conflicts
Russo-Ukrainian War
Ghost of Kyiv
The Long Breakup, a film by the filmmaker Katya Soldak about the relationship between Ukraine and Russia.
Vitalii Skakun, a Ukrainian "Suicide Bomber" that helped slow Russian advances into Ukraine. Formerly a combat engineer.
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Media related to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine at Wikimedia Commons
Part of Putin's national address pre-invasion, comments archived at archive.today, video archived at ghostarchive.org
TITLE Corruption
Corruption is a system that starts out good but somehow goes wrong. The word comes from a Latin word meaning "Rotting". Corruption could be a government doing what they say is good, but instead oppress people, or an official doing something wrong. A text that is miscopied, or computer file or computer program which malfunctions or becomes infected with a computer virus, may be called "corrupt". It may also mean an abuse of power, usually for a personal benefit.
Sometimes the term just means bribery.
== Related pages ==
Corruption Perceptions Index
Electoral fraud
Injustice
Monopoly
Plutocracy
Political corruption
Tax evasion - Panama Papers
== References ==
TITLE Martial law in Ukraine
Martial law in Ukraine is a special legal Governance Change imposed in the event of a threat to national security.
The introduction of martial law was proposed by the National Security and Defense Council, approved by the President, and approved by a decision of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
Martial Law In Ukraine Extends The Power Of Goverment And suspend Certain Constitutional Rights of Citizens And Also Suspends Elections And Allow The Regime in power to Rule as long as the Martial Law is in Motion.
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared martial law on 24 February 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Speaking on television shortly before 7 a.m. he said that able-bodied men from 18–60 years old were not allowed to leave the country as the country began a general mobilization of all reserve forces. Since Then Elections In Ukraine are suspended. Democratic Rights of citizens are curbed.
On February 26, Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko declared a curfew from 5pm to 8am every day to expose Russian subversives. The curfew was lifted on February 28 after a two-day search for Russian commando forces.
March or april 2024 when elections would have been in Motion if Martial law would not have been in place. Some People in ukraine and across the Globe started Questioning President Zelensky To not practicing democracy when he is Preaching democracy And Human Rights Across the international Space.
on 27 october, 2024 President Zelensky Extened Martial Law Till February 2025.
Zelensky is Also Being accused of prolonging the war by rejecting to talk russia on table. A Decision Which Is Delaying Ukraine To Scrap martial law and come back to Democracy.
This period of martial law in ukraine has been the longest Period of Emergency Which is in Motion From Feb 2022.
== References ==
TITLE Eurasian Union
The Eurasian Union (Russian: Евразийский Союз) is a project of political and economic union whose members are Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and could include other countries from Europe and Asia, such as, for example, countries that were once part of the USSR.
The idea was suggested in October 2011 by the Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, but the idea was first proposed by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in a speech, in 1994, in Moscow. On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement in which they agreed to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015. The agreement talked about the membership of candidate states and created the Eurasian Commission (which is based on the European Commission) and the Eurasian Economic Space, which both started work on 1 January 2012.
== References ==
TITLE COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also called the coronavirus pandemic, was a world-wide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The disease was first found in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. On 31 December, Chinese health authorities told the World Health Organization (WHO) about a group of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause, and an investigation was launched in early January 2020. The virus is believed to have come from an animal source, possibly a bat, and it is thought to have been transmitted to humans at a live meat market in Wuhan where live animals were being sold. The virus quickly spread to other parts of the world by airplanes and ships, because of its highly infectious nature and ease of transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) called it a pandemic (global disease) on 11 March 2020.The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses gave the virus its name. As of September 30 2024, about
778,000,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and about
7,090,000 people have died of COVID-19.
The virus mostly spreads when people are close to each other, which is why social distancing is used. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and trouble breathing. The illness can worsen with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. As of January 2021, a number of vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, but only a few have been found safe to use. The first vaccine to be approved was created by Pfizer and BioNTech, followed by the Oxford / AstraZeneca vaccine. Vaccine distribution was started in many countries in Europe, North America, South America and Asia. The United Kingdom was the first western country to begin to give out a COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine was given out to all people in the country for free. No antiviral medicine for COVID-19 is available. Doctors usually give patients supportive therapy instead such as giving fluids, food, oxygen, pain relief and other treatments designed to help patients deal with the symptoms. People can avoid spreading the virus by regularly washing their hands, covering their mouth when coughing, maintaining distance from other people, staying away from crowds, wearing medical or cloth face coverings, and being alone for people who think they are infected, also known as quarantining.
The outbreak might be from a coronavirus that usually lives in bats. This then likely infected another animal, possibly a pangolin. It then changed inside that other animal until it could infect humans. It possibly originated at a wet market (a live food animal market), Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. A 55-year-old person from Hubei province was the first human to contract the virus on November 17, 2019. A 61-year-old man who was a regular customer at the market was the first person to die from the virus on January 11, 2020. The exact origin of the virus is still unknown since the market in Wuhan sold a variety of live wild animals in cages. Chinese tourists have spread the virus by traveling to other countries and made it a worldwide pandemic.
Racism and xenophobia against Chinese people and Asians increased during the pandemic.
In November 2020, two companies, Pfizer and Moderna, said they had finished making COVID-19 vaccines. Two mRNA vaccines, one by Pfizer and one by Moderna, have been tested. Both were over 90% effective. Countries began planning to give the vaccine to many people. 25 other vaccines have been approved by at least one country, and many others are being developed.
The United States has had the most deaths from the virus. Over 1 million Americans have died from the virus.
In May 2023 the WHO announced the end of the public health emergency.
== Epidemiology ==
=== Background ===
On 31 December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) a cluster of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan, and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.
On 9 June 2020, a Harvard University study suggested that COVID-19 may have been spreading in China as early as August 2019, based on hospital car park usage and web search trends.
=== Cases ===
Cases means the number of people who have been tested for COVID-19 and have tested positive. These cases are according to Johns Hopkins University.
=== Deaths ===
Almost all people who get COVID-19 recover. For those who do not, the time between the start of symptoms and death usually ranges from 6 to 41 days, but most of the time about 14 days. This data is recorded by the WHO.
== Signs & Symptoms ==
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 makes people feel sick in different ways, but it usually affects the lungs. People usually cough and have difficulty breathing. They often also have a fever, chills, headache, pain in their muscles, or trouble tasting or smelling things, which can often be confused with the flu virus.
According to an April 2020 study by the American Gastroenterological Association, COVID-19 can make sick people vomit or have diarrhea, but this is rare. They said about 7.7% of COVID-19 patients vomited, about 7.8% had diarrhea and about 3.6% had pain in their stomachs.
== Treatment ==
Since there is no exact cure for Covid-19, treatment has focused on treating the symptoms of the disease such as giving oxygen and using machines to aid breathing, giving pain killers to relieve pain, supportive treatment such as giving fluids, food and drugs to combat other symptoms and diseases that affect the person at the same time. Doctors have tried different medicines to see if they help in treatment such as colchicine, systemic corticosteroids (particularly dexamethasone), interleukin-6 receptor antagonists (such as tocilizumab), and Janus kinase inhibitors (such as baricitinib) have been seen to reduce mortality and have other benefits in patients with severe covid-19, such as reducing the severity of the disease and reducing the length of hospital stay.
== Data ==
== Name ==
In February 2020, the WHO announced a name for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19. It replaced the name "2019-nCoV." "Covi" is for "coronavirus," "D" for "disease," and "19" for the year 2019 – the year it was first detected. They said they did not want the name to have any person, place, or animal in it because people might blame the disease on that place, person, or animal. For example, it did not use the word "Wuhan." They also wanted the name to be easy to say out loud.
== Mortality rate of COVID-19 ==
According to an article in Market Watch dated on February 27, 2020, the overall case mortality rate in China was 2.3%. However, these results might be severely different between different age groups and between men and women. People over the age of 70 experienced a rate of mortality 4-5 times that of the average. Men were more likely to die than women (2.8% versus 1.7% for women) possibly due to lifestyle, such as it being more possible in men to drink and smoke, making the risk of having a respiratory illness more possible, and thus more vulnerable. These numbers were the conclusion of a study by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention using 72,314 COVID-19 cases in mainland China as of Feb. 11. At that point this was the largest sample of cases for such a study.
On March 5, 2020, the WHO released the case fatality rate.
== Race and racism ==
COVID-19 did not affect everyone in each country the same way. As of May 2020, APM Research Lab said the death rate among black Americans was 2.4 times as high as for white Americans and 2.2 times as high as for Latino and Asian Americans. In July 2020, The New York Times printed data from the Centers for Disease Control showing that black and Latino Americans were three times as likely to become sick and twice as likely to die as white Americans. This was not only in large cities but also in rural areas. This was not only for old people but for people in all age groups. Native Americans were also more likely than whites to become sick and die. Asian Americans were 1.3 times as likely as whites to become sick.
Camara Jones, an epidemiologist who once worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said this was socioeconomic and not because of any natural difference in black and white people's bodies. In the United States, black citizens are more likely to work jobs where they serve the public directly and to ride on public transport rather than take their own cars to work. This makes them more likely to be infected than people who work in private offices or from home. Sharrelle Barber, an epidemiologist and biostatistician from Drexel University, also said black Americans can live in crowded neighborhoods where social distancing is harder to do and healthy food harder to find. Both Barber and Jones blamed the long history of racism in the United States for these things. Three senators, Kamala Harris, Cory Booker and Elizabeth Warren said the federal government should start recording the race of COVID-19 patients so scientists could study this problem.
In June, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) told the public that people using the United States' government's Medicare health program had different results depending on race. Four times as many black Medicare patients went to hospitals for COVID-19 than white Medicare patients. There were twice as many hospitalized Hispanic patients than white patients. There were three hospitalized Asian patients for every two hospitalized white patients. The head of CMS, Seema Verma, said this was mostly because of socioeconomic status.
In the United Kingdom, twice as many black COVID-19 patients died as white COVID-19 patients. Other non-white people, like people from India and Bangladesh, were also more likely to die of COVID-19 than whites. Britain's Office of National Statistics said that the differences in money and education explained some of this difference but not all of it. They also said they did not know whether non-white patients caught COVID-19 more often or whether they caught more severe cases. Only female Chinese Britons were less likely to die of COVID-19 than white Britons.
=== Indigenous peoples ===
Native Americans in the United States have shown more deaths from COVID-19 than the rest of the U.S. As of May, the Navajo Nation had 88 deaths and 2,757 cases, and the money they had been promised by the government arrived several weeks late. Only 30% of the people in the Navajo Nation have pipes with running water, which made it difficult for people to wash their hands.
Scientists from Chapman University made a plan to protect the Tsimane people in Bolivia from COVID-19 and said this plan would also work for other indigenous peoples living on their own land. The scientists said that many indigenous peoples have problems that make COVID-19 more dangerous for them, like poverty, less clean water, and other lung diseases. Hospitals may be a long distance away, and racism can affect the way doctors and nurses react. But they also sometimes have things that help, like traditions of making decisions together and the ability to grow food nearby. The scientists found people who spoke the Tsimane language as a first language and made teams to go to Tsimane towns to warn them about COVID-19. They also used radio stations. They said the best plan was for whole communities to decide to isolate. They found this worked well because the Tsimane already usually made their big decisions together as a community in special meetings and already had a tradition of quarantining new mothers. The Chapman scientists said their plan would also work for other indigenous peoples who also make decisions together, like the Tsimane.
The Waswanipi Cree in Canada, the Mapoon people in Australia, and many groups in South America already tried plans like these on their own.
=== George Floyd protests ===
In May 2020, police officers in Minneapolis, Minnesota killed an unarmed black man called George Floyd while they were arresting him. There were weeks of protests all over the world against police brutality and racism. Experts said they were worried protesters and police could spread SARS-CoV-2 to each other. Other experts said some of the reasons that the protests were so big was because non-white people were being killed by COVID-19 more than white people were, because poor leadership in the COVID-19 crisis reminded them of poor leadership about racism, and because the lockdowns shut down workplaces and other things. This meant people had more time to protest.
=== African Americans ===
African Americans are more likely to catch the virus compared to their white counterparts in the United States, and are also more likely to die from it. 50,000 African Americans died of COVID-19 in 2020. African Americans are the least likely to get vaccinated against the disease.
=== Hispanics ===
Latinos have been at a higher risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19 in the United States. There are many reasons why Latinos have a higher risk of getting very sick or going to the hospital because of COVID-19. One reason is that they often have health problems like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. They are also more likely to have jobs where they have to be around other people, like in healthcare, grocery stores, and farming. Many Latinos live in crowded places with many people, like big families or busy neighborhoods. This makes it hard to stay far away from others and can make the virus spread more easily. Some Latinos might not speak English well, which can make it hard to get healthcare or understand how to stay healthy. Finally, many Latinos don't have health insurance or don't have enough of it. All of these things are connected and can make it more likely for Latinos to get very sick from COVID-19.
== Conspiracy theories ==
In early 2020, some people began to think that the SARS-CoV-2 may have been made on purpose in a laboratory and either released by accident or on purpose like a weapon. Some Iranians thought the Americans might have made it. Chinese state media said COVID-19 came from the United States to China and not the other way around. Some Americans thought the Chinese might have made it. Some Britons thought it might have been created by accident by 5G cell phone networks.
On March 17, 2020, scientists from Columbia University and other places published a paper in Nature Medicine showing that SARS-CoV-2 was almost surely not made by humans in a laboratory. They did this by comparing the genomes of different viruses to each other. The scientists saw that SARS-CoV-2 did not match any of the viral backbones that already exist for virologists to use. Within a few weeks, it became one of the most cited scientific papers in history, meaning that other scientists were reading and using it.
There were also several conspiracy theories circulating about Bill Gates and his alleged involvement with the COVID-19 pandemic. Theories wrongfully linking Gates to the coronavirus were mentioned 1.2 million times on television or social media between February and April 2020. One of the most prominent ones was that Bill Gates somehow created or engineered the virus as part of a plan to depopulate the world. There is no evidence to support this claim, and it has been debunked by numerous experts in the field and fact checking organizations including the National Institutes of Health and Reuters. Some conspiracy theorists allege that Bill Gates is using the pandemic to profit from the development and distribution of vaccines and other medical treatments. While Gates has been heavily involved in funding research on vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, he has not personally profited from this work. In fact, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has donated over $2 billion to COVID-19 efforts since the start of the pandemic.
One of the impacts of these conspiracy theories is that they have generated fear and suspicion towards COVID-19 vaccines. Bill Gates commented on the impact of these theories, saying: "During the pandemic, there were tens of millions of messages that I intentionally caused it, or I'm tracking people. It's true I'm involved with vaccines, but I'm involved with vaccines to save lives."
== Graphs ==
== Timelines of COVID-19 ==
On December 31, 2019, China alerted WHO to several cases of unusual pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei province.
On January 20, 2020, Chinese premier Li Keqiang called for efforts to stop and control the pneumonia epidemic caused by a novel coronavirus. As of February 5, 2020, 24,588 cases were confirmed, including in every province-level division of China. A larger number of people may have been infected, but not detected (especially mild cases). The first local transmission of the virus outside China occurred in Vietnam between family members, while the first local transmission not involving family occurred in Germany, on January 22, when a German man contracted the disease from a Chinese business visitor at a meeting. As of 5 February 2020, 493 deaths were attributed to the virus since the first confirmed death on January 9, with 990 recoveries. The first death outside China was reported in the Philippines, in a 44-year-old Chinese male on February 1. but another source reported:
"The first cases of COVID-19 outside of China were identified on January 13 in Thailand and on January 16 in Japan".
Testing showed over 6000 confirmed cases in China, some of whom are healthcare workers.
Confirmed cases were reported in Thailand, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, the United States (Everett, Washington and Chicago), Singapore, Vietnam, France and Nepal.
The World Health Organization declared that this is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern since January 30, 2020.
Bloomberg News and other business publications have reported several plant closures, travel restrictions, and imposed quarantines as a result of this outbreak. Many small businesses, even big ones, have gone bankrupt because of the pandemic.
As of February 10, 2020, there were 40,235 confirmed cases reported of people infected by the virus in China. Also reported were 909 deaths, and 319 cases in 24 other countries, including one death, according to WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
=== China ===
The first cases of COVID-19 were detected in Wuhan, Hubei, Mainland China in December 2019.
On Feb. 4, 2020, the Seattle Times reported that Around 2020 Chinese new year authorities closed down travel from China to Macau. As a result, visits fell eighty percent.
Feb 6, 2020, the COVID-19 whistleblower, Li Wenliang, dies of the disease.
On February 6, 2020, according to Chinese authorities, a man from the United States who tested positive for the virus died.
On February 25, 2020, the Asian Scientist Magazine reported Chinese Scientists Sequence Genome Of COVID-19
According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention, China had the largest number of confirmed cases and deaths on March 1, 2020.
On March 3, 2020, Science (journal) reported:
China built two new hospitals in one week just for patients of COVID-19
The article praised the way China has handled this crisis but said "draconian" measures were used to achieve success.
On March 6, 2020, CNN reported that a hotel used as a COVID-19 quarantine center collapsed. Seventy people were trapped in a collapsed Quanzhou hotel.
The Chinese economy was greatly affected by the virus, and many factories shut down during the spike of cases in China during the early months of the pandemic.
As of October 30, 2020, the number of cases of the virus in China were generally going down, with only 771 new cases being reported in the month of October.
=== United States ===
The first case of COVID-19 in the United States was detected in a man from the state of Washington on January 21, 2020.
On February 27, 2020, US President Donald Trump appointed Vice President Mike Pence to lead the US response to COVID-19.
On February 29, 2020, the first death in the US was reported from the state of Washington.
On March 3, 2020 CBS reported 15 states with confirmed cases.
Movements such as elbow bumps began replacing handshakes , as handshakes spread the virus and bacteria more.
On March 6, 2020, the CDC announced that one million test kits would be distributed.
On March 9, 2020, the US stock market was approaching bear territory.
On March 9, 2020, there were also scattered reports that some were quarantined while their household members were not.
On March 10, 2020, the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Alex Azar, said that it is was not known how many Americans tested positive for the virus. This was because many of the test kits went out to private companies.
On March 10, 2020, the governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, announced that the city of New Rochelle was the largest cluster of COVID-19 cases in the state. Among other things done to contain the virus in New Rochelle, the National Guard was sent to the city to hand out food and disinfect buildings.
On March 26, the United States surpass Italy and China's cases, becoming the epicenter for a while.
On April 3, 2020, the CDC first recommended the use of cloth face coverings by the general public to reduce the spread of the virus in places such as grocery stores and pharmacies.
On April 11, the U.S. became the most death in the world.
On July 22, 2020, the United States surpassed 1,000 daily COVID-19 deaths for a second time.
On September 22, 2020, the United States reached 200,000 deaths from the virus.
Between September to October, there was a COVID-19 outbreak at the White House, causing many officials to be diagnosed with the infection, including President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump.
In December 2020, California surpassed over 30,000 new cases in a day.
On December 11, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration said doctors could give people the Pfizer vaccine.
On December 14, 2020, the State of New York gave people the first vaccines, starting with health care workers.
On December 26, 2020, California had a record breaking 65,055 new cases in a day after Christmas.
California became the first state to surpass 2 million cases in December 2020.
==== Economic effects of COVID-19 in the United States ====
On March 6, President Trump signed a $8.3 billion emergency spending package to fight the COVID outbreak.
On March 5, 2020, it was announced that medical costs for Washington state residents asking to be tested would be waived until May. (People have to pay for their own health care in the United States. See: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act).
On March 9, 2020, President Trump proposed, among other measures, a payroll tax cut to help the US economy.
=== Italy ===
On February 27, 2020, according to the EU Observer, a dozen towns in the northern regions of Lombardy and Veneto were under lockdown, with around 50,000 citizens not allowed to leave, and over 200 reported cases of COVID n Italy.
On March 4, 2020, according to the Guardian, the Italian government has ordered the closing of all of Italy's schools and universities until 15 March 2020
On March 5, 2020, the Guardian reported: "Italian educational institutions close as Covid-19 deaths pass 100"
On March 8, 2020, Al Jazeera reported that after a daily infection rate of 1,247 cases, Lombardy together with ten other areas were sealed off to try to quarantine 16 million people. The cities of Milan and Venice were in the quarantined area.
On March 10, 2020, it was reported that Italy was under quarantine.
On October 5, 2020, Italy imposed a new lockdown and set of restrictions after previously relaxing them. This was due to a second wave of cases that was even worse than the one in spring.
=== Iran ===
On 28 February 2020, the BBC reported COVID-19 deaths in Iran were at least 210.
March 3, 2020, multiple Iranian government officials including deputy health minister Iraj Harirchi and vice president of women and family affairs Masoumeh Ebtekar, who served as a spokesperson during the Iran hostage crisis, had contracted COVID-19.
=== Canada ===
The first case of COVID-19 in Canada was detected in a man from Toronto on January 25, 2020.
On March 12, 2020, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, tested positive for coronavirus. The Prime Minister and his wife isolated for 14 days.
On April 6, 2020, Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer, Theresa Tam, said that people should use simple cloth facemasks to help slow the spread of the virus.
=== South Africa ===
The new coronavirus strain, called the 501.V2 Variant, was first discovered in South African province Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. It spreads more rapidly.
=== Australia ===
First case reported on 25 January 2020.
See COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
=== New Zealand ===
The first case of COVID-19 in New Zealand was detected in late February 2020 in a person in their 60s.
Between August 25, 2021, and August 31, 2021, the whole of New Zealand had been temporarily increased to its maximum lockdown level, Level 4, due to the delta variant. Most of the cases during August 2021 were originated from New South Wales. As of September 6, 2021, all of New Zealand has dropped to Level 2, while Auckland remains at Level 4.
=== Cruise ships ===
On the Diamond Princess cruise ship, out of 3,711 total passengers and crew members, 621 people, or 17% of all the people on board the ship tested positive for COVID-19. The ship ended its quarantine on February 18th.
=== Africa ===
In late February 2020, Nigeria had it's first case in Sub-Saharan Africa which negatively affected Nigeria's economy, education, religion and social relationships.
In November 2020, Africa surpassed 2 million cases.
== Food and hunger ==
The pandemic made it more difficult for millions of people all over the world to get enough food. People lost their jobs, so they did not have money to buy food. Farms were shut down, so there was less food made. Processing plants and food factories were shut down, so less food was made ready for people to eat.
In April, Arif Husain of the United Nations' World Food Program said that 130 million more people could go hungry, in addition to the 135 million who were already hungry before the pandemic began. He said that poorer countries would be more affected than rich countries because the way they move raw food from farms to cities and other places where people live is less organized and relies more on human beings than on automatic systems.
This hunger crisis is different from crises in other years because it happened to the whole world at the same time. That meant that people working in other countries could not help by sending money home.
All over the world, children who ate meals at school had less access to food when the schools were shut down.
Scientists from the University of Michigan said the pandemic was making it harder for people to find food. In a study published in May, they said one in seven Americans over age 50 said they had trouble getting enough food before the pandemic, and it got worse when senior centers that provided meals were closed. Federal and state governments started programs to bring food to older people and children. There were also more food donation drives in towns.
== Elderly ==
In the United States, nursing homes had some of the highest rates of infection and death, with 40% of all COVID-19 deaths in the country. Nursing homes are group homes for old people who need medical care, for disabled people who need medical care, and for people recovering from severe sickness or injury, like stroke patients.
Many people who live in nursing homes pay through the government program Medicaid, which pays less than Medicare or regular insurance companies. In June, many American nursing homes were caught throwing their regular patients out so they could make room for COVID-19 patients who could pay them more. Because nursing homes had stopped allowing visitors, it took longer for them to get caught. United States law requires nursing homes to warn patients 30 days before kicking them out, but the nursing homes did not do this.
Some of the nursing homes took the COVID-19 patients because state governments asked them to and they say they sent their elderly residents away because they were worried, they would catch COVID-19 from the sick patients.
== Environment ==
Because so many governments told people to stay at home, there was less air pollution than usual for that time of year. Pollution in New York fell by 50% and the use of coal in China fell by 40%. The European Space Agency showed pictures taken from a satellite of China's pollution disappearing during quarantine and coming back when everyone went back to work.
The pandemic and shutdowns made people use less electricity. In the United States, people got less of their electricity from coal power but kept using gas and renewable power like wind and solar power. This was because coal plants are more expensive to run, so power companies used them less.
Pollution from before the pandemic also affected what happened after people became sick. Scientists saw that more people died from COVID-19 in places with large amounts of air pollution. One team of scientists from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg looked at air pollution information from satellites and statistics on COVID-19 deaths in Italy, France, Germany and Spain and saw that places with large amounts of nitrogen dioxide pollution had more people die from COVID-19. Nitrogen dioxide can damage the lungs.
The shutdowns and social distancing also affected animals. Human beings started staying at home about the same time in the spring when sea turtles like to come on land to lay their eggs. Turtle scientists in the United States and Thailand both reported more nests than usual on seashores in Florida and Phuket. They say it is because people are not coming to the beach or bringing their dogs to the beach and because there are fewer boats in the water nearby. Scientists also say they see more dugong and dolphins. With fewer cars driving down roads, salamanders, frogs, and other amphibians were able to cross them for their spring migration. According to citizen scientists from Big Night Maine, a group that watches amphibians, four amphibians made it across the roads alive for every one amphibian killed by cars. Most years, it is only two to one.
Not all ocean mammals did well. According to marine biologists in Florida, manatee deaths in April and May were 20% higher than in 2019. They say this was because many people decided to go boating because other things to do were closed.
== Stopping the next pandemic ==
Researchers from the San Diego Zoo Global had the idea for a system that people could use to find dangerous germs before they become pandemics or even before they jump from other animals to humans. They said it was important to watch the wildlife trade, like in the Wuhan wet market. The scientists said that over the past eleven years it has gotten easier and easier to sequence viral genomes, and it does not have to be done by a large lab or by a government anymore. The scientists said it would be better to spread the work out among more people.
== List of terms used in COVID-19 pages ==
Long COVID is the set of symptoms that stay for a long time after getting COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19
2019-nCoV is the old name for SARS-CoV-2
Coronavirus disease 2019 is the complete name for COVID-19
Community spread is the spread of the disease without a known travel connection
Clusters are groups of COVID-19 cases in which many people in the same area became infected with COVID-19
== References ==
== Other websites ==
WHO site for COVID-19
CDC site for COVID-19
WHO questions on COVID-19
Novel Coronavirus Map Infographics, Channel News Asia
Johns Hopkins University coronavirus statistics (until March 10, 2023)
</wikipedia_requested_titles>
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<article>
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky says he has submitted a draft law to reinstate the freedom of two anti-corruption bodies in Ukraine - days after nationwide protests broke out over changes curbing their independence. Kyiv's Western partners had also expressed serious concerns over the legislation. On Thursday, Zelensky backtracked, saying the new bill was intended to safeguard the independence of Ukraine's National Anti-Corruption Bureau (Nabu) and Specialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office (Sap), and to protect them from Russian influence. He said the text of the bill was "well-balanced", but did not provide any details. Nabu said that the new bill "restored all procedural powers and guarantees of independence" of the two bodies. The law passed earlier this week brought Nabu and Sap under the control of the prosecutor general, who is appointed by the president. At the time Zelensky justified his decision to curtail the bodies' powers by citing Russian influence. The day before, Ukraine's security services had carried out searches and arrests targeting alleged Russian spies at the agency. The passing of the legislation instantly sparked the largest protests since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022 in several cities across Ukraine, with many worrying the law would severely undermine the Nabu and Sap's authority and effectiveness. Thousands of people gathered in streets and squares across Ukraine, holding placards calling for the legislation to be vetoed. Several commentators accused Zelensky of democratic backsliding. Their concerns were further exacerbated when Ukraine's Western partners signalled their displeasure with the bill. Ukraine has official EU candidate status and a spokesman for European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen previously warned Kyiv that the rule of law and the fight against corruption were "core elements" of membership to the bloc. On Thursday, the Commission said it "welcomed" the Ukrainian government's decision to take action against the bill. "We are working [with the Ukrainian government] to make sure that our concerns... are indeed taken into account," the spokesman said. The creation of Nabu and Sap in 2014-15 was one of the requirements set by the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund to move towards a relaxation of visa restrictions between Ukraine and the EU. Opposition MP Oleksiy Goncharenko noted Zelensky's comments that "the independence of anti-corruption institutions must be guaranteed." "First we take it away, and then we say that it must be guaranteed. So why was all this necessary?" In his message on social media on Thursday, Zelensky did not acknowledge the protests or the backlash but said it was "important that we respect the position of all Ukrainians and are grateful to everyone who stands with Ukraine."
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